Table 1 Modified QUIPS tool for assessment of study quality. The individual studies are defined as a high quality study (HQ), moderate quality study (MQ), or low quality study (LQ)
Domain | Items for consideration | Al Kadi (2005) [20] | Baker (1992) [21] | Brown (1990) [24] | Brown (1992a) [25] | Brown (1992b) [27] | Brown (1993) [26] | Brown (1994) [22] | Brown (1995) [23] | Derkx (1987) [28] | Jarvis (2012) [29] | Langer (1998) [30] | Lewandowski (2023) [35] | Nicholson (1987) [5] | Pedersen (1982) [31] | Skinner (1972) [32] | Spaan (2013) [33] | Spaanderman (2001) [7] | Thomsen (1993) [34] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study Participation | Adequate description of participant characteristics: | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Parity or gravidity | + | – | + | – | + | + | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | – | – | + | + | + | |
Health or comorbidities of participants | + | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | + | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | + | |
Clear reporting of weeks amenorrhea | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | + | + | + | |
Ethnicity | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | – | |
Height | – | – | + | – | + | + | – | + | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | |
Non-pregnant weight or BMI | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | |
Use of medication or supplements | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | – | + | + | + | + | + | + | |
Adequate description of participant recruitment | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | + | – | – | + | – | – | + | – | + | + | + | |
Adequate description of inclusion and exclusion criteria | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | + | – | + | + | – | |
Study Attrition | Reasons for loss to follow-up/drop-out are provided | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | – | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | – | + | – |
Adequate description of participants lost to follow-up / differences between participants who completed and drop-outs | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | – | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | – | + | – | |
Variable Measurements | Method of APRC measurement is valid and reliable | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | ? | + | + | + | + | + | ? | + | + |
The methods and setting are the same for all study participants and throughout follow up | + | + | + | + | + | + | + | – | + | + | + | + | ? | + | + | + | + | + | |
Data Reporting | Time frame of measurements (gestational age) are reported as mean | – | – | + | + | + | + | – | + | – | + | + | + | – | – | – | + | – | – |
Study Design | Study used a longitudinal study design | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | + | + | – | – | + | – | + | + | + |
Multiple (≥2) longitudinal measurements during pregnancy of APRC | + | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | |
Baseline value was a prepregnant measurement of the variable | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | – | – | – | – | – | + | – | |
| Â | Score (%) | 71 | 47 | 47 | 35 | 53 | 41 | 24 | 47 | 29 | 59 | 59 | 29 | 24 | 35 | 35 | 53 | 88 | 53 |
| Â | Quality | HQ | MQ | MQ | MQ | MQ | MQ | LQ | MQ | LQ | MQ | MQ | LQ | LQ | MQ | MQ | MQ | HQ | MQ |