Table 5 Clinical pregnancy and neonatal outcomes between patients who underwent single good-quality cleavage-stage embryo transfer and those who underwent transfer of a second poor-quality embryo with a good-quality embryo stratified by 35 years of age before and after PS matching

Age < 35

Cleavage-stage embryo transfer

Variable

Before matching

After matching

SET- GQE (N = 143)

DET- GQE + PQE (N = 224)

P value

SET- GQE (N = 113)

DET- GQE + PQE (N = 113)

P value

Implantation n (%)

62 (43.4)

131 (29.2)

0.002

49 (43.4)

70 (31.0)

0.024

OR (95%CI)

Reference

0.546 (0.355—0.839)

0.006

Reference

0.577 (0.354—0.939)

0.027

Clinical Pregnancy n (%)

61 (42.7)

104 (46.4)

0.479

48 (42.5)

55 (48.7)

0.350

OR (95%CI)

Reference

1.210 (0.750—1.954)

0.434

Reference

1.264 (0.742—2.151)

0.389

Live birth n (%)

51 (35.7)

89 (39.7)

0.434

42 (37.2)

47 (41.6)

0.496

OR (95%CI)

Reference

1.137 (0.695—1.860)

0.609

Reference

1.227 (0.719—2.092)

0.454

Multiple birth n (%)

4 (7.8)

22 (24.7)

0.013

3 (7.1)

12 (25.5)

0.021

OR (95%CI)

Reference

4.421 (1.102—17.732)

0.036

Reference

4.724 (1.121—19.913)

0.034

Miscarriage n (%)

10 (16.4)

15 (14.4)

0.733

6 (12.5)

8 (14.5)

0.763

OR (95%CI)

Reference

0.921 (0.444—1.909)

0.824

Reference

0.418 (0.085—2.052)

0.283

Preterm birth n (%)

6 (11.8)

13 (14.6)

0.637

5 (11.9)

5 (10.6)

1.000

OR (95%CI)

Reference

1.232 (0.429—3.539)

0.698

Reference

0.890 (0.222—3.577)

0.870

Gestational age (weeks)

38.6 ± 1.7

38.1 ± 2.2

0.146

38.6 ± 1.9

38.3 ± 1.9

0.473

OR (95%CI)

Reference

0.682 (0.354—1.313)

0.252

Reference

0.813 (0.383—1.726)

0.590

Birth height (mm)

49.5 ± 2.1

49.1 ± 2.3

0.271

49.5 ± 2.2

49.2 ± 1.7

0.466

OR (95%CI)

Reference

0.673 (0.348—1.301)

0.239

Reference

0.818 (0.401—1.668)

0.580

Birth weight (g)

3116.2 ± 541.7

2977.0 ± 597.9

0.148

3128.7 ± 564.1

2974.6 ± 577.6

0.176

OR (95%CI)

Reference

0.964 (0.910—1.022)

0.218

Reference

0.965 (0.898—1.037)

0.336

Low birth weight n (%)

9 (16.4)

26 (23.4)

0.294

8 (17.8)

15 (25.4)

0.352

OR (95%CI)

Reference

1.867 (0.623—5.594)

0.265

Reference

1.722 (0.528—5.610)

0.367

Congenital anomalies n (%)

1 (1.8)

2 (1.8)

1.000

1 (2.2)

2 (3.4)

1.000

OR (95%CI)

-

-

-

Reference

1.384 (0.116- 16.454)

0.797

Age ≥ 35

Cleavage-stage embryo transfer

Variable

Before matching

After matching

SET- GQE (N = 58)

DET- GQE + PQE (N = 197)

P value

SET- GQE (N = 56)

DET- GQE + PQE (N = 56)

P value

Implantation n (%)

16 (27.6)

75 (19.0)

0.129

14 (25.0)

23 (20.5)

0.510

OR (95%CI)

Reference

0.675 (0.320—1.421)

0.300

Reference

0.832 (0.372—1.858)

0.653

Clinical Pregnancy n (%)

15 (25.9)

63 (32.0)

0.374

13 (23.2)

19 (33.9)

0.209

OR (95%CI)

Reference

1.350 (0.630—2.893)

0.440

Reference

1.654 (0.712—3.839)

0.242

Live birth n (%)

12 (20.7)

45 (22.8)

0.729

11 (19.6)

19 (33.9)

0.088

OR (95%CI)

Reference

1.175 (0.512—2.698)

0.704

Reference

2.068 (0.867—4.933)

0.102

Multiple birth n (%)

1 (8.3)

7 (15.6)

0.863

1 (9.1)

4 (21.1)

0.626

OR (95%CI)

Reference

7.666 (0.481—122.201)

0.149

Reference

2.258 (0.212—24.020)

0.500

Miscarriage n (%)

3 (20.0)

18 (28.6)

0.727

2 (15.4)

0 (0.0)

0.157

OR (95%CI)

Reference

1.100 (0.232—5.209)

0.905

-

-

-

Preterm birth n (%)

1 (8.3)

7 (15.6)

0.863

1 (9.1)

5 (26.3)

0.372

OR (95%CI)

Reference

4.925 (0.034—704.376)

0.529

Reference

3.102 (0.323—29.829)

0.327

Gestational age (weeks)

38.4 ± 2.4

38.4 ± 1.9

0.938

38.4 ± 2.5

37.7 ± 1.8

0.345

OR (95%CI)

Reference

1.000 (0.372—2.687)

0.999

Reference

0.582 (0.146—2.324)

0.444

Birth height (mm)

48.8 ± 1.6

48.9 ± 2.2

0.954

48.8 ± 1.7

48.0 ± 2.6

0.341

OR (95%CI)

Reference

1.306 (0.464—3.674)

0.613

Reference

0.685 (0.210—2.234)

0.531

Birth weight (g)

2993.5 ± 660.5

3074.6 ± 589.6

0.666

2993.8 ± 689.9

2754.8 ± 470.1

0.234

OR (95%CI)

Reference

1.033 (0.926—1.152)

0.566

Reference

0.936 (0.825—1.063)

0.310

Low birth weight n (%)

2 (15.4)

6 (11.5)

1.000

2 (16.7)

5 (21.7)

1.000

OR (95%CI)

-

-

-

Reference

1.539 (0.134—17.640)

0.729

Congenital anomalies n (%)

0

0

-

0

0

-

OR (95%CI)

-

-

-

-

-

-