Table 1 List of ovarian follicular age-related modifiers. CoQ10, DHEA and Vitamin D can be used to mitigate age related changes in folliculogenesis and to improve fertility outcomes

CoQ10

alleviates aging related mitochondrial changes

[230]

↑ mitochondrial gene expression and activity

[34, 229]

↓ DNA oxidation

[231]

delays ovarian primordial pool depletion

[229]

↓ oocyte apoptosis

[231]

↓ CC apoptosis

[34, 229]

↑ oocyte quality

[34]

↑ clinical pregnancy rates

[229]

DHEA

alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction

[133, 233,234,235]

↑ energy production

[233]

↑ response to ovarian stimulation

[192, 236,237,238]

↑ peak estradiol level

[192, 236,237,238]

↓ CC apoptosis

[192, 236,237,238,239]

↑ oocyte quality

[233]

↓ atretic follicle number

[192, 237, 238]

↑ primordial recruitment

[240]

↑ IGF1

[192, 241,242,243,244]

Vitamin D

↑ follicle growth and survival

[245, 246]

↑ clinical pregnancy rates

[247]

↑ oocyte maturation

[245, 246]

↑ AMH production

[245, 246, 248, 249]