Fig. 3

The established in vitro 3D culture models of endometrium. A Stromal cells were suspended in collagen followed by overlay of Matrigel and epithelial cells on top; B Stromal cells were resuspended in Matrigel, while epithelial cells (Ishikawa cells) were seeded directly on top; C Endometrial stromal cells were resuspended in fibrin-agarose gel followed by overlay of epithelial cells. JAR cell-derived spheroids were used as the trophoblast surrogates in the co-culture system; D Combined 2D/3D endometrial model which integrated the 3D endometrial glandular spheroids and the 2D monolayer of the endometrial epithelial cell lines, followed by addition of the trophoblasts for study of trophoblast invasion. E 3D culture model of endometrium using the human endometrial slices suspended in collagen matrix in the double-dish culture plate