Table 1 Factors that are under FSH signaling regulation during early stages of spermatogenesis 

Sertoli cell proliferation

c-Myc

cAMP/PKA & PI3K/Akt/mTORC1

[80,81,82]

Cyclin D1

cAMP/PKA/ERK

[83]

HIF2

unknown

[84,85,86]

Sertoli cell differentiation

Klf4

cAMP/PKA

[87, 88]

NF-κB

unknown

[89]

HIF1/2

unknown

[90]

c-jun, jun-B

unknown

[91]

tPA

cAMP/PKA

[92, 93]

ASNS

cAMP/PKA

[94]

Aqp8

unknown

[95, 96]

Gja

FSH/Wnt3

[97]

N-cadherin, ɑ6β1-integrin

unknown

[98,99,100]

PFKFB1/3

unknown

[101]

PDK3

unknown

[101]

Sertoli cell apoptosis

FAAH

cAMP/PKA

[102]

DAX1

cAMP/PKA

[103]

Spermatogonia maintenance

GDNF

cAMP/PKA

[104, 105]

FGF2

cAMP/PKA

[106, 107]

PGE2

unknown

[108]

Spermatogonia stem cell differentiation

BMP4

cAMP/PKA

[109, 110]

SCF, SLF

cAMP/PKA

[111, 112]

Igf3

cAMP/PKA

[113, 114]

transferrin

unknown

[115, 116]

Spermatogonia survival

Bok

cAMP/PKA

[117, 118]

Entry into meiosis

Activin A, Inhibin B

cAMP/PKA

[119, 120]

IL-6

cAMP/PKA & cAMP/PKC

[121]

nociceptin

cAMP/PKA

[122, 123]

Nrg1, Nrg3

unknown

[124, 125]

Spermatocyte survival

Gal-3

cAMP/PKA

[126, 127]

AP-1

unknown

[128]