Table 1 Characteristics of NOA men receiving or not receiving gonadotropins therapy

Age (years) (median [IQR])

31.00 [28.00, 34.00]

32.00 [28.00, 35.00]

30.00 [28.00, 33.00]

0.002

Duration of infertility, (years) (median [IQR])

3.00 [2.00, 5.00]

3.00 [2.00, 5.00]

3.00 [2.00, 5.00]

0.418

BMI (kg/m²) (median [IQR]) ^a

22.00 [20.80, 24.80]

21.80 [20.80, 24.30]

22.30 [20.80, 25.00]

0.529

Bilateral testicular volume (mL) (median [IQR])

6.20 [5.12, 7.90]

6.10 [5.10, 7.80]

6.20 [5.20, 8.10]

0.194

Diagnosis (%)

0.001

Idiopathic

396 (73.1%)

146 (83.9%)

250 (67.9%)

Cryptorchidism

57 (10.5%)

8 (4.6%)

49 (13.3%)

Previous mumps and bilateral orchitis

51 (9.4%)

10 (5.7%)

41 (11.1%)

AZFc microdeletion

38 (7.0%)

10 (5.7%)

28 (7.6%)

LH (μ/L)

7.03 [4.78, 9.94]

6.95 [4.68, 10.11]

7.08 [4.89, 9.93]

0.730

FSH (μ/L)

18.08 [12.60, 24.53]

18.39 [12.30, 24.68]

17.98 [12.69, 24.25]

0.763

T (nmol/L)

13.61 [9.21, 18.70]

13.66 [8.83, 19.63]

13.59 [9.48, 17.96]

0.622

E₂ (pmol/L)

80.00 [58.75, 108.25]

80.00 [55.75, 109.50]

81.00 [59.75, 108.00]

0.883

PRL (ng/ml)

9.69 [7.34, 13.21]

8.99 [6.76, 12.33]

10.00 [7.70, 13.40]

0.028

Sperm retrieval (%)

149 (27.5%)

34 (19.5%)

115 (31.2%)

0.006