Fig. 4

Effects of SAA1 on insulin signaling pathway in cultured granulosa cells. A, B Concentration dependent effect of SAA1 (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/ml for 24 h) on PTEN expression (n = 4). ** P < 0.01 compared with ctr (0) and # P < 0.05 compared with SAA1 (0.01 μg/ml). C, D Effect of prior treatment with SAA1 (1 μg/ml for 24 h) on Akt phosphorylation induced by insulin (100 nM for 15 min) (n = 4). *** P < 0.001 compared with control-insulin, ## P < 0.01 vs. SAA1-insulin, && P < 0.01 vs. control+insulin. E, F Dose-dependent effect of SAA1 (0, 0.01, 0.1 and 1 μg/ml for 24 h) on total GLUT4 expression (n = 4). G, H Effect of prior treatment with SAA1 (1 μg/ml for 24 h) on GLUT4 translocation (from cytoplasm to membrane) induced by insulin (100 nM for 30 min) (n = 3). * P < 0.05 compared with control. I Effect of prior treatment with SAA1 (1 μg/ml for 24 h) on glucose uptake induced by insulin (100 nM for 30 min) (n = 4). ** P < 0.01 compared with control-insulin, ## P < 0.01 compared with control+insulin. All values are the mean ± SEM