Table 2 Studies evaluating altered lncRNA expression in women with and without PCOS

Liu et al. 2015 [79]

Peripheral blood leukocytes

23 PCOS vs 17 controls

28.44 ± 0.37/29.71 ± 0.44

28.88±0.37/27.01 ± 1.1

Upregulated: lncRNA CTBP1-AS

Liu et al. 2015 [80]

Peripheral blood leukocytes

23 PCOS vs 17 controls

28.44 ± 0.37/29.71 ± 0.44

27.74 ± 1.56/26.61 ± 1.10

Upregulated: lncRNA SRA

Huang et al. 2016 [81]

Cumulus cells

35 PCOS vs 35 controls

32.6 ± 3.1/ 34.6 ± 2.2

21.6 ± 1.5/ 21.4 ± 1.8

620 upregulated and 3 downregulated

The most upregulated:

lncRNA ENST00000433673,

The most downregulated:

lncRNA NR_027436

Liu et al. 2017 [82]

Granulosa cells

7 PCOS vs 7 controls

29.71 ± 3.59/30.14 ± 2.97

20.8 ± 1.96/ 22.34 ± 1.12

692 upregulated and 170 downregulated

The most upregulated:

lncRNA ENST00000533082,

The most downregulated:

lncRNA ENST00000448179

Huang et al. 2018 [83]

Cumulus cells

30 PCOS vs 30 controls

32.6 ± 3.1/ 33.6 ± 2.2

21.6 ± 1.5/ 21.4 ± 1.6

Upregulated: lncRNA PWRN2

Jiao et al. 2018 [84]

Follicular fluid

10 PCOS vs 8 controls

30.6 ± 3.86/ 30.0 ± 4.21

25.9 ± 3.14/ 24.7 ± 3.69

A total of 1583 novel lncRNAs were identified

Lin et al. 2018 [85]

Serum

16 PCOS without IR vs 30 PCOS with IR vs 30 healthy controls

28.3 ± 3.1/ 31.3 ± 4.6/ 26.8 ± 6.7

20.9 ± 3.6/ 25.1 ± 3.5/19.5 ± 2.4

Downregulated in PCOS patients with IR: lncRNA GAS5

Zhao et al. 2018 [86]

Luteinized granulosa cells

30 PCOS vs 30 controls

28 ± 3/ 29 ± 3

23.3 ± 2.9/ 21.8 ± 2.4

Upregulated:

LINC-01572:28

Yang et al. 2019 [87]

Granulosa cells

44 PCOS vs 34 controls

31.2 ± 3.4/ 30.9 ± 3.1

NA/ NA

Upregulated: lncRNA BANCR

Li et al. 2019 [88]

Peripheral blood leukocytes

20 PCOS vs 20 controls

28.45 ± 1.35/ 31.7 ± 1.52

25.21 ± 0.86/ 20.56 ± 0.58

Upregulated: lncRNA H19