Fig. 1
From: Caloric restriction in female reproduction: is it beneficial or detrimental?
The possible interaction between HPO axis and hypothalamic neurons controlling energy homeostasis in rodents. Schematic representation of possible interaction between HPO axis (blue circles and rectangles) and hypothalamic neurons (yellow circles) controlling energy homeostasis in normal energy status and CR. a In normal energy status, the CRH neurons and orexigenic NPY/AgRP neurons inhibit HPO axis while anorexigenic POMC/CART neurons activate HPO axis. b CR finally suppresses HPO axis by activating NPY/AgRP and inhibiting POMC/CART neurons. During the CR, low serum glucose and fatty acid, high serum ketone body and fasting signals from upper digestive tract activate A2 noradrenergic neurons in NTS. Therefore, the adrenergic input from NTS stimulates CRH neurons and thus inhibits Kiss1ARC. Solid arrow indicates the promotion. Dotted arrow indicates the inhibition. The green arrow indicates upregulation while the red arrow indicates downregulation under CR