Table 1 Summary of studies identified in initial search

Rats fed high-fat diet for 3 weeks or more prior to pregnancy

Decrease

0

4

2

4

Nivoit et al. (2009) [29]; Hayes et al. (2012) [30]; Christante et al. (2013)^b [31]; Reynolds et al. (2014) [32]

Couvreur et al. (2011) [33]; Li et al. (2012)^b [34]

Akyol et al. (2009) [35]; Raipuria et al. (2015) [36]; Ramirez-Lopez et al. (2016) [37]; Sánchez-Blanco et al. (2016) [38]

No effect

3

2

8

3

Del Prado et al. (1997) [39]; Caluwaerts et al. 2007 [40]; Nitert et al. (2013) [41]

Zambrano et al. (2010)^b [42]; Vega et al. (2015) ^b [43]

Shaw et al. (1997)^b [44]; Srinivasan et al. (2006) [45]; Ferezou-Viala et al. (2007) [46]; Gupta et al. (2009) [47]; Mitra et al. (2009) [48]; White et al. (2009) [49]; Guberman et al. (2013) [50]; Desai et al. (2014) [51]

Rolls and Rowe (1982) [52]; Chen et al. (2008) [53]; Ong and Muhlhausler (2011) [54]

Increase

0

1

2

1

Song et al. (2015) [55]

Gaccioli et al. (2013)^b [56]; Mazzucco et al. (2013) [57]

Yang et al. (2015) [58]

Rats fed high-fat diet for less than 3 weeks prior to pregnancy

Decrease

1

5

0

3

Cerf et al. (2005) [59]

Mark et al. (2011) [60]; Smith et al. (2014) [61]; Cordero et al. (2015) [62]; Cunha et al. (2015)^b [63]; Segovia et al. (2015) [64]

Bayol et al. (2007) [65]; Zhang et al. (2011) [66]; Gugusheff et al. (2013) [67]

No effect

2

2

4

2

Martin et al. (1987) [68]; Cerf et al. (2010)^a [69]

Yang et al. (2012) [70]; Tsoulis et al. (2016) [71]

Ebesh et al. (1999) [72]; Walker et al. (2008)^b [73]; Lin et al. (2011)^b [74]; de Oliveira Andrade et al. (2014) [75]

Rolls et al. (1984) [76]; Zhang et al. (2013) [77]

Increase

4

1

1

1

Cerf et al. (2010)^a [69]; Ferro Cavalcante et al. (2013) [78]; Ferro Cavalcante et al. (2014) [79]; Cerf et al. (2015) [80]

Strakovsky et al. (2011) [81]

de Assis et al. (2006)^b [82]

Kjaergaard et al. (2014) [83]

Total number of rat studies^a

9^a

15

17

14

Mice fed high-fat diet for 3 weeks or more prior to pregnancy

Decrease

1

0

7

0

Mayor et al. (2015) [84]

Niculescu and Lupu (2009) [85]; Bentham et al. (2010)^b [86]; King et al. (2013) [87]; King et al. (2013)^a [88]; Sasson et al. (2015) [89]; Edlow et al. (2016) [90]; Panchenko et al. (2016) [91]

No effect

0

2

4

0

Lager et al. (2014)^b [92]; Umekawa et al. (2015) [93]

Liang et al. (2009) [94]; Bytautiene et al. (2011) [95]; King et al. (2013)^a [88]; Murabayashi et al. (2013) [96]

Increase

2

0

5

0

Aye et al. (2015) [97]; Rosario et al. (2015) [98]

Masuyama and Hiramatsu (2012) [99]; Masuyama and Hiramatsu (2012) [100]; Dahlhoff et al. (2014) [101]; Masuyama and Hiramatsu (2014) [102]; Masuyama et al. (2015) [103]

Mice fed high-fat diet for less than 3 weeks prior to pregnancy

Decrease

1

1

1

0

Sferruzzi-Perri et al. (2013)^a [104]

Turdi et al. (2013) [105]

del Mar Plata et al. (2014) [106]

No effect

1

2

1

0

Sferruzzi-Perri et al. (2013) ^a [104]

Luijten et al. (2013)^b [107]; Benatti et al. (2014) [108]

Volpato et al. (2012) [109]

Increase

0

1

1

0

Ashino et al. (2012) [110]

Gregorio et al. (2013) [111]

Total number of mouse studies^a

4^a

6

18^a

0