Table 4 Characteristics of datasets that addressed the relationship between the induced AR% and FR

Fénichel 1991

[47]

France

Prospective cohort

41

Swim up

A23187

GB24

>  0% vs. = 0%^②

/= 0%^③

Spontaneous AR% ≥ 11.6% and/or Induced AR% < 20.6%^③

②/③

Pampiglione 1993

[23]

UK

Prospective cohort

54

Swim up

A23187

Triple stain

>  0% vs. = 0%^②

/= 0%^③

<  31.3%^③

②/③

Parinaud 1993a

[37]

France

Prospective cohort

53

Discontinuous gradient

A23187

FITC-PNA

>  0% vs. = 0%^②

②

Parinaud 1993b

[37]

France

Prospective cohort

53

Discontinuous gradient

A23187

GB24

>  0% vs. = 0%^②

②

Henkel 1993

[59]

Germany

Prospective cohort

74

Swim up

Low temperature

Triple stain

<  50%^③

≤ 10%^③

③

Calvo 1994

[25]

USA

Prospective cohort

82^①

/232^③

No preparation

HFF

FITC-PSA

Whole^a①/= 0%^③

≤ 5%^③

①/③

Yovich 1994

[26]

Australia

Prospective cohort

52

Swim up

/Discontinuous gradient

A23187

FITC-PSA

= 0%^③

<  10%^③

③

Parinaud 1995a

[41]

Monaco

Prospective cohort

117

Discontinuous gradient

A23187

FITC-GB24

Whole^①

/>  0% vs. = 0%^②

①/②

Parinaud 1995b

[41]

Monaco

Prospective cohort

117

Discontinuous gradient

P

FITC-GB24

Whole^①

/>  0% vs. = 0%^②

①/②

Parinaud 1995c

[41]

Monaco

Prospective cohort

117

Discontinuous gradient

HFF

FITC-GB24

Whole^①

/>  0% vs. = 0%^②

①/②

Parinaud 1995d

[41]

Monaco

Prospective cohort

117

Discontinuous gradient

CAMP

FITC-GB24

Whole^①

/>  0% vs. = 0%^②

①/②

Parinaud 1995e

[41]

Monaco

Prospective cohort

117

Discontinuous gradient

TPA

FITC-GB24

Whole^①

/>  0% vs. = 0%^②

①/②

Sukcharoen 1995

[38]

UK

Prospective cohort

41

Discontinuous gradient

A23187

FITC-PNA

>  0% vs. <  50%^②

②

Parinaud 1995a

[42]

Monaco

Prospective cohort

131

Discontinuous gradient

A23187

FITC-GB24

>  0% vs. = 0%^②

②

Parinaud 1995b

[42]

Monaco

Prospective cohort

131

Discontinuous gradient

TPA

FITC-GB24

>  0% vs. = 0%^②

②

Brandelli 1995

[27]

Argentina

Prospective cohort

31

Discontinuous gradient

BSA-GlcNAc/A23187

FITC-PSA

Whole^①

/≥ 30% vs. <  30%^②

/<  30%^③

<  0.2^b③

①/②/③

Krausz 1996a

[39]

Italy

Prospective cohort

53^①/51^②

/52^③

Swim up

A23187

FITC-PNA

Whole^①

/≥ 50% vs. <  50%^②

/= 0%^③

≤ 10%^③

①/②/③

Krausz 1996b

[39]

Italy

Prospective cohort

59^①

/59^②

/60^③

Swim up

P

FITC-PNA

Whole^①

/≥ 50% vs. <  50%^②

/= 0%^③

≤ 7%^③

①/②/③

Carver-Ward 1996

[48]

Netherlands

Prospective cohort

129

Discontinuous gradient

A23187

Anti-CD46

antibody

Whole^①

/≤ 30%

≤ 10%^③

①/③

Benoff 1997

[43]

USA

Prospective cohort

58

Swim up

Mannose

RITC-PSA

Whole^①

/≥ 63% vs. <  63%^②

/<  63%^③

≤ 0.1^c③

①/②/③

Liu 1998

[28]

Australia

Prospective cohort

109

Discontinuous gradient

A23187

FITC-PSA

Whole^①

/>  50% vs. ≤ 50%^②

①/②

Rufas 1998

[64]

Israel

Prospective case-control

62

Discontinuous gradient

HFF

FITC-PSA

>  0% vs. = 0%^②

②

Fukui 2000

[30]

Japan

Prospective cohort

39

Discontinuous gradient

P

FITC-PSA

>  0% vs. = 0%^②

②

Esterhuizen 2001

[31]

South Africa

Prospective cohort

35

Swim up

ZP

FITC-PSA

Whole^①

/≤ 60%^③

≤ 15%^③

①/③

Bastiaan 2003

[63]

South Africa

Prospective cohort

30

Swim up

ZP

FITC-PSA

>  50% vs. <  50%^②

/≤ 50%^③

<  8%^③

②/③

Liu 2003

[32]

Australia

Prospective cohort

65

Swim up

ZP

FITC-PSA

Whole^①

/<  30%^③

≤ 16%^③

①/③

El-Ghobashy 2003 [33]

UK

Prospective cohort

75

Swim up

HFF

FITC-PSA

Whole^①

/≥ 50% vs. <  50%^②

①/②

Katsuki 2005

[34]

Japan

Prospective cohort

133

Swim up

A23187

FITC-PSA

>  0% vs. = 0%^②

/= 0%^③

<  21%^③

②/③

Jędrzejczak 2005

[24]

Poland

Prospective cohort

79

Discontinuous gradient

A23187

Triple stain

Whole^①

①

Abu 2012

[35]

South Africa

Prospective cohort

78

Double Swim up

ZP

FITC-PSA

Whole^①

①