Fig. 5

Estradiol secretion from bovine granulosa cells after 48 h treatment with DHA or TUG-891. Effects of DHA or TUG-891 on estradiol secretion were assessed in culture media of bovine granulosa cells cultured for 48 h in enriched McCoy’s 5A media with various doses of DHA (1, 10, 20 and 50 μM) or TUG-891 (1, 10 and 50 μM), as described in Material and Method section. The chemical DMSO alone (1/2000) was used as a negative control due to its use as a solvent for DHA and TUG-891. Estradiol secretion was normalized with the protein concentration in each well and expressed as pg estradiol (E2) per μg protein. Results of six independent cultures, with each treatment conducted in quadruplicate, are presented as mean ± SEM. Bars with different superscripts are significantly different (p < 0.05)