Table 1 Characteristics of the patients at baseline

Subjects, n

260

138

–

BMI, kg/m²

21.1 ± 1.5

26.8 ± 2.3

0.000

Age, y

28.8 ± 2.7

28.9 ± 3.0

0.787

Time to conceive, y

4.0 ± 2.2

4.8 ± 2.5

0.001

Est2radiol, pmol/L

178.2 ± 149.8

150.5 ± 68.7

0.179

FSH, U/L

4.6 ± 1.2

4.4 ± 1.3

0.102

LH, U/L

7.7 ± 4.7

6.3 ± 4.3

0.002

Testosterone, nmol/L

1.7 ± 0.6

1.9 ± 1.4

0.716

Prolactin, nmol/L

1.9 ± 5.6

1.2 ± 2.8

0.003

AMH, ng/mL

11.1 ± 5.5

9.6 ± 5.7

0.003

Sperm density, × 10⁶ /mL

69.8 ± 54.6

66.4 ± 55.5

0.561

Sperm motility (a + b), %

50.2 ± 19.9

48.0 ± 19.0

0.296

Abnormal sperm rate, %

94.9 ± 7.8

96.3 ± 4.3

0.054