Fig. 3

G-CSF enhances steady-state spermatogenesis in the absence of a cytotoxic insult. Results are from animals in Experiments 2a and b (a) Testis weights (mean ± standard error). Significant differences were determined by a Student’s t-test and are noted by asterisks above noted bars (*p ≤ 0.057, **p ≤ 0.083). b Cauda epididymal sperm counts (swim-up, mean ± standard error). Notation above bars denotes a statistically significant difference between groups (***p ≤0.03, #p ≤0.03, †p ≤0.006) as determined by t-test. c Stacked bars show the percentage of all seminiferous tubule cross-sections counted from all animals in the Control (C) or G-CSF alone (G) groups which exhibit differing degrees of spermatogenesis: complete spermatogenesis (complete), up to round spermatid spermatids, up to 1° spermatocytes, or containing no spermatogenesis (empty or Sertoli cell-only). Notation above bars denotes a statistically significant difference between groups (‡p ≤0.002) as determined by t-test. The number of seminiferous tubule cross-sections evaluated per animal is shown in Additional file 1: Table S1