Table 1 Known risk factors for premature ovarian senescence (POA)

Conditions associated with low numbers of follicles at birth/menarche

Turner syndrome – associated with POF/POI

Idiopathic/genetics – association?

Excessive recruitment

FMR1 mutations

Premutation range (CGG_n=55–200) – associated with POF/POI

Monoalleleic low sub-genotype – associated with POA/OPOI

Biallelic low sub-genotype – associated with POA/OPOI

AMHR2 gene – associated with POF/POI

AIRE gene – associated with POF/POI

Other genetic causes

BRCA1 mutations – associated with POA/OPOI

Space occupying lesions and Iatrogenic factors -mostly associated with POF/POI but also with POA/OPOI

Ovarian surgery

Chemotherapy

Radiation therapy

Bone marrow transplantation

Other medical risk factors

Endometriosis – associated with POA/OPOI

Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) – associated with POA/OPOI

>>> > in association with low FMR1 mutations and risk further augmented in presence of autoimmunity

Autoimmunity –mostly associated with POA/OPOI but also with POF/POI

Thyroid autoimmunity

Adrenal autoimmunity

Any other autoimmunity

Autoimmune polyglandular syndromes

Family history of autoimmune disease*

History of repeated pregnancy loss

Early history of maternal/sibling menopause