Figure 5

Demonstration of SAP on the surface of non-permeabilized, motile sperm. A: IF image demonstrating patches of SAP over the neck and tail regions of intact, motile human sperm (arrows). The nuclear DNA is stained blue with the DNA intercalating dye DAPI II. B: Secondary antibody alone control. C: Sperm agglutination floccules visualized by differential interface contrast microscopy. Antiserum against SAP agglutinated human sperm in a loose, tangled binding pattern, i.e. tail-to-tail, head-to-tail, and head to head. Round cells did not appear to be incorporated into the agglutination floccules. D: No antibody control without agglutination. Scale bar = 100 μm. E: A positive control with monoclonal antibody against CD52 induced strong agglutination.