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Table 4 Effect of all-trans retinol addition to the culture medium (mean ± S. E. M.). Embryos were cultured under atmospheric oxygen conditions.

From: Retinol improves bovine embryonic development in vitro

Retinol concentration (μM)

Putative zygote (n)

Cleavage

Blastocyst/ putative zygote

Blastocyst/ cleaved

0

400

73 ± 4.6

14 ± 2.3a

19.2 ± 3.2a

5.0

400

74 ± 1.5

28.8 ± 3.0b

38.9 ± 3.9b

  1. Values are listed as percentages. abMeans in the same column with different superscripts were significantly different (p < 0.001).