Therapeutic ultrasound as a potential male contraceptive: power, frequency and temperature required to deplete rat testes of meiotic cells and epididymides of sperm determined using a commercially available system

Table 3 Treatment parameters for Study 2

Group name	Untreated	37C 2 × 15 saline	37C 2 × 10 saline	37C 1 × 10	35C 2 × 15 saline	35C 2 × 15 water	35C 2 × 10 saline 2 W/cm²
Group number	8	9	10	11	12	13	14
Coupling medium (°C)	NR	37	37	37	35	35	35
Treatments	-	2	2	1	2	2	2
Duration (minutes)	-	15	10	10	15	15	10
Coupling medium	-	dg-Na⁺	dg-Na⁺	dg-Na⁺ or DW	dg-Na⁺	dg-DW	dg-Na⁺
Intensity (W/cm²)	-	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.2	2.0
Frequency (MHz)	-	3	3	3	3	3	3
Transducer (cm²)	-	5	5	5	5	5	5
Rotation	-	+	+	+	+	+	+
Animals	2	7	4	5	8	4	4

Degassed, 3% sodium chloride was used as the coupling medium (dg-Na⁺), otherwise distilled water (DW) or degassed, distilled water was used (dg-DW). Temperature of the coupling medium was noted, otherwise there was no regulation (NR). Transducer ME7413 had a surface area of ~ 5 cm² (5). Transducers were stationary (-) or were rotated in a plane parallel to the bottom of the ultrasound chamber (+). All groups received two consecutive treatments separated by two days, except as noted for Groups 8 and 11.

ISSN: 1477-7827