Optimisation of an oviposition protocol employing human chorionic and pregnant mare serum gonadotropins in the Barred Frog Mixophyes fasciolatus (Myobatrachidae)

Table 1 Published protocols for the induction of oviposition in Xenopus

Species	PMSG priming dose (FSH activity)*	hCG priming dose (LH activity)*	“Ovulatory” hCG (dose or source) on Day 1**	Oviposition***	References
Xenopus laevis			Human pregnant urine	Time not stated	[2, 10]
X. laevis			90 IU	Time not stated	[11]
X. laevis			100-200 IU (< 100 g bwt)	+ 6–12 hrs	[12]
X. laevis			200–600 IU (> 100 g bwt)	+ 6–12 hrs	[12]
X. laevis			300 IU	Time not stated	[13]
X. laevis			500 IU	+ 8–10 hrs	[14]
X. laevis			500 IU	Time not stated	[15]
X. laevis			500-700 IU	Day 1	[16]
X. laevis			750 IU	+ 8–12 hrs	[17]
X. laevis			900 IU	+ 8–10 hrs	[18]
X. laevis			1000 IU	+ 10 hrs	[19]
X. laevis			1000 IU	+ 18 hrs	[20]
X. laevis		50 IU, Day −14 to −5 (early ovulation if priming after day −5; priming effective up to 1 month)	500-800 IU	+ 9–14 hrs	[21]
X. laevis		50-200 IU, Day 1 (−8 hrs)	300-500 IU; Day 1 (0 hrs)	+ 8 hrs	[22]
X. laevis	40 IU, Day −4 to −3		250-500 IU	+ 6–8 hrs	[23]
X. laevis	50 IU, Day?		700 IU	Time not stated	[24]
X. laevis	50 IU, Day −5 to −3		500 IU	+ 12–14 hrs	[25]
X. laevis	50 IU, Day −17 25 IU, Day −14		500 IU (hCG inducible over 14 days from second PMSG)	+ 16–18 hrs	[26]
X. laevis	100 IU, Day −1		500 IU	Day 2, avg 68%	[27]
X. tropicalis		20 IU, Day −2	100 IU	Natural pairing	[28]
X. tropicalis	15 IU, Day −4 to −3		150 IU	+ 4 hrs	[29]

Protocols for the induction of oviposition of Xenopus (X. laevis and X. (Silurana) tropicalis) utilising hCG with, or without, priming with mammalian gonadotropins with FSH or LH activity. * Day of administration of priming dose of PMSG or hCG expressed as days before the main “ovulatory” hCG dose (expressed as negative values). ** Day of administration of “ovulatory” hCG dose expressed as Day 1 to facilitate comparison between studies listed in Tables 1 and 2; hCG administered as either reconstituted or synthetic hCG (dose in IU) or as direct injection of pregnant human urine (dose unknown) *** Time or day of oviposition (generally, hours after the main “ovulatory” dose of hCG on Day 1). Species names are from original papers, however, Xenopus tropicalis is now known as Silurana tropicalis.

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