Table 4 Clinical applications of diode lasers in the selection of immotile but viable spermatozoa before ICSI
From: Applications of laser technology in the manipulation of human spermatozoa
Study | Source of spermatozoa | Type | Intensity of laser | duration of exposure | No. cycles of ART | No. oocytes fertilized/Total oocytes | No. pregnancies | No. live births | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Aktan et al. (2004) | 24 patients with complete asthenozoospermia (complete immotile spermatozoa) and 21 patients with either obstructive or nonobstructive azoospermia (testicular spermatozoa) | Fresh | 120 µJ | 1.2 ms | 24 (ejaculate) 21 (testicular) | 64.2% (NA) 45.4% (NA) | 33.3%(8/24) 25.0%(5/20) | 28.0%(7/25) 19.0%(4/21) | [80] |
Gerber et al. (2008) | A patient with Primary cilia dyskinesia | Fresh | 400 µJ | 5 ms | 1 | 57.1% (4/7) | 1 | NA | [83] |
Nordhoff et al. (2013) | 48 patients with testicular biopsy | Fresh | NA | 6-7ms | 58 TESE-ICSI cycles 65 control cycles | 52.7% (292/554) 42.1% (216/617) | NA | NA | [85] |
Chen et al. (2015) | Two patients with obstructive azoospermia and severe asthenospermia | Fresh | NA | 2 ms | 2 | 83.3%(10/12); 100%(6/6) | 2 | NA | [86] |
Chen et al. (2017a) | A patient with nonobstructive azoospermia (testicular spermatozoa) | Frozen-thawed | 200 µJ | 2 ms | 1 | 80% (4/5) | 1 | NA | [87] |
Chen et al. (2017b) | 7 patients with severe asthenozoospermia (complete immotile spermatozoa) and 25 patients with azoospermia (testicular spermatozoa) | Fresh and frozen-thawed | 120 µJ | 1.2 ms | NS | 78.7% (37/47) (ejaculate) 80.3% (139/173)(testicular) | NA | NA | [88] |
Ozkavukcu et al. (2018) | A patient with Kartagener’s syndrome | Fresh | NA | 350 µs | 1 | 45.5% (10/22) | 1 | 1 | [84] |
Chen et al. (2021) | 33 TESA-ICSI cycles/99 controls | Fresh and frozen-thawed | 200 µJ | 2 ms | 33 (test group) 99 (control group) | 78.2%(283/362) 80.5% (763/948) | 61.2% (30/49) 47.5% (76/160) | 69.7% (23/33) 60.6% (60/99) | [89] |