Applications of laser technology in the manipulation of human spermatozoa

Xue, Yamei; Xiong, Yuping; Cheng, Xiaohong; Li, Kun

doi:10.1186/s12958-023-01148-9

Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology

Table 2 Summary of laser traps (optical tweezers) used for sperm analysis and sorting

From: Applications of laser technology in the manipulation of human spermatozoa

Study	Source of sperm	Type	Type of laser	Wavelength	Trapping power	Exposure time	Total number of sperm trapped	Analysis parameters	References
Tadir et al., 1989	Donor	Fresh	Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser	1.06 μm	1 W	15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 s	514	Linear velocity, actual distance traveled, maximum lateral head displacement and motility patterns (before, during, and after exposure)	[13]
Tadir et al., 1990	Donor/normal	Fresh	Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum- Garnet (Nd:YAG) laser	1.06 μm	10–150 mW	< 10 s	705	Linear velocity, motility patterns	[14]
Colon et al., 1992	Donor/normal	Fresh	Neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser	1.06 μm	25–96 mW	30, 60, 120, and 180 s	NA	Sperm velocity	[60]
Westphal et al., 1993	Donor/normal	Fresh	Titanium-sapphire laser	760 nm	< 300 mW	< 10 s	892	Linear motility, hyperactivated motility, and cumulus-related motility	[61]
Dantas et al., 1995	Normal	Fresh	Titanium-sapphire laser	800 nm	0-300 mW	NA	2130	Relative escape force of sperm	[62]
Liu et al., 1996	Donor/normal	Fresh	Nd:YAG laser	1064 nm	< 500 mW	< 10 min	NA	Sperm cell temperature, DNA structure, viability, and pH	[15]
König et al., 1996	Donor/normal	Fresh	Tuneable cw Ti: Sapphire ring laser,	UVA: 320–400 nm; NIR: 760 nm, 800 nm	1.5 mW (UVA), 105 mW (NIR)	2 min	580	Cytotoxic effect	[63]
Patrizio et al., 2000	Normozoospermic and asthenozoospermic donors	Fresh	Nd:YAG laser	1064 nm	< 500 mW	NA	≥ 80 per patient	Relative escape force of sperm	[64]
Shao et al., 2007	Donor	Frozen	CW Ytterbium fiber laser	1070 nm	0–25 mW	NA	93	Curvilinear velocity , smooth path velocity, amplitude of lateral head displacement	[65]
Nascimento et al., 2008	Donor	Fresh and frozen	NA	1064 nm	NA	NA	NA	Curvilinear velocity, escape force	[66]
Shi et al., 2009	Donor	Frozen	CW Ytterbium fiber laser	1070 nm	< 24 mW	NA	264	Curvilinear velocity, smooth path velocity, amplitude of lateral head displacement	[67]
Hyun et al., 2012	Normal	Frozen	Nd:YVO₄ laser	1064 nm	450 mW	NA	NA	Curvilinear velocity, minimum laser power	[68]
Auka et al., 2019	Donor	Frozen	CrystaLaser	1064 nm	700 mW	NA	479	DNA analysis	[69]
Zhong et al., 2022	Infertility patients	Fresh	Fiber laser	NA	~ 400 mW	< 20 s	NA	Longitudinal rolling dynamics of single sperm	[70]

NA: not available; NIR: near-infrared; UVA: ultraviolet A

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