Table 3 Risk of Bias assessment of included studies (using RoB-2)
Study | Domain 1 | Domain 2 | Domain 3 | Domain 4 | Domain 5 | Overall |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Karim Zadeh 2008 [11] | Some concerns | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Some concerns | High risk |
Karim Zadeh 2009 [12] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | High risk |
Karimzadeh 2010 [13] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | High risk |
Narvekar 2010 [14] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Safdarian 2011 [15] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns | High risk |
Baum 2012 [16] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | High risk |
Inal 2012 [17] | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Shohayeb 2012 [18] | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Nastri 2013 [19] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Guven 2014 [20] | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Yeung 2014 [21] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Gibreel 2015 [22] | High risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Singh 2015 [23] | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | High risk |
Xu 2015 [24] | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Zhang 2015 [25] | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Aflatoonian 2016 [26] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Shahrokh-Tehraninejad 2016 [27] | Some concerns | High risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns | High risk |
Zygula 2016 [28] | Some concerns | Some concerns | High risk | Low risk | Some concerns | High risk |
Liu 2017 [29] | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Mak 2017 [30] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Tk 2017 [31] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Maged 2018 [32] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Pecorino 2018 [33] | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Sherif 2018 [34] | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Eskew 2019 [35] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Frantz 2019 [36] | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Gurgan 2019 [37] | Some concerns | High risk | High risk | Low risk | Some concerns | High risk |
Hilton 2019 [38] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | |
Olesen 2019 [39] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Berntsen 2020 [40] | Some concerns | High risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Izquierdo 2020 [41] | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Mackens 2020 [42] | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns |
Tang 2020 [43] | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | |
Metwally 2021 [44] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk |
Zahiri 2021 [45] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns | Low risk | Some concerns |
Noori 2022 [47] | Low risk | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns | Some concerns |
Turktekin 2022 [48] | Some concerns | Some concerns | Low risk | Low risk | Some concerns | Some concerns |