Table 3 Oxidative stress parameters and PON1 activities in ART and control groups during different pregnant periods

Control (n = 129)

TOS (µmol H₂O₂ Equiv./L)

15.40 ± 8.82

16.09 ± 6.70

22.76 ± 13.32^{a, b, c}

TAC (mmol Trolox Equiv./L)

1.05 ± 0.15^a

1.07 ± 0.16^a

1.02 ± 0.24

OSI

13.72 ± 4.49

15.19 ± 5.68^b

18.03 ± 8.35^{a, b, c}

MDA (nmol/mL)

5.08 ± 1.52

5.09 ± 1.26

6.02 ± 2.25^{a, b, c}

HCY (µmol/L)

6.60 ± 1.22

6.92 ± 1.26^b

8.88 ± 2.26^{a, b, c}

PON1 lactonase activity (U/mL)

15.52 ± 2.64^a

15.21 ± 2.18^a

14.81 ± 2.36^{a, b, c}

PON1 level (mU/mL)

40.45 ± 6.20^a

39.26 ± 5.78^{a, b}

36.53 ± 6.02^{a, b, c}

NLA

383.98 ± 49.21

389.40 ± 40.07^a

408.07 ± 43.64^{a, b, c}

ART (n = 64)

TOS (µmol H2O2 Equiv./L)

15.34 ± 5.02

16.62 ± 3.77

24.33 ± 12.39^{a, b, c}

TAC (mmol Trolox Equiv./L)

1.12 ± 0.15*^{, a}

1.12 ± 0.17*^{, a}

1.08 ± 0.25

OSI

13.73 ± 4.40

15.40 ± 5.19

18.32 ± 6.83^{a, b, c}

MDA (nmol/mL)

4.88 ± 0.86

5.30 ± 1.49^a

5.66 ± 1.64^{a, b}

HCY (µmol/L)

6.73 ± 1.17

7.25 ± 1.34

8.81 ± 2.47^{a, b, c}

PON1 lactonase activity (U/mL)

16.48 ± 2.90*

16.20 ± 3.02*^{, a}

15.84 ± 3.23*^{, a}

PON1 level (mU/mL)

41.26 ± 7.86

40.16 ± 7.90^{a, b}

37.18 ± 7.44^{a, b, c}

NLA

403.09 ± 49.29*

406.92 ± 48.80*

428.39 ± 47.89*^{, a, b, c}