Table 3 Main characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis

Skvirsky S et al. (2021) [27]

NA

NA

SI:9.1%

(44 /481)

LI:0%

(0 /3)

SI: 29.7% (143/482)

LI:33.3%

(1/3)

NA

SI: 23.7%

(114/482)

LI:33.3%

(1/3)

Bao L et al. (2019) [26]^a

SI:93.05%

(1031 /1108)

LI:93.51%

(1803 /1928)

SI:85.25%

(879 /1031)

LI:85.52%

(1542 /1788)

SI:39.02%

(343 /879)

LI:39.23%

(605 /1542)

SI:43.49%

(20 /46)

LI:62.29%

(42 /67)

NA

SI:39.13%

(18 /46)

LI:56.71%

(38 /67)

Chen YY et al. (2014) [25]^a

SI:86.9%

(12,678 /14586)

LI:87.7%

(1496 /1704)

SI:77%

(8508 /11051)

LI:80.8%

(1014 /1255)

SI:72.4%

(6049 /8358)

LI:70.9%

(708/999)

NA

NA

NA

Ghasemian F et al. (2013) [24]

NA

NA

SI:73.3%

(356 /486)

LI:66.8%

(266/398)

SI:21.83%

(5 /24)

LI:24.51%

(25/102)

NA

NA

Gong SQ et al. (2012) [23]^a

NA

SI: 80.4%

(258/321)

LI:80.7%

(1192 /1477)

SI: 45.8%

(114/249)

LI:45.6%

(537 /1177)

SI:29.7%

(11 /37)

LI:40.3%

(50/124)

SI:18.2%

(2 /11)

LI:8%

(4/50)

NA

Raziel A et al. (2006) [22]

SI:50%

(248 /497)

LI:72%

(434 /604)

SI: 64%

(159/248)

LI:67%

(291 /434)

SI: 52%

(52/100)

LI:60%

(60 /100)

SI:17%

(6/36)

LI:33%

(12/36)

SI:11%

(4 /36)

LI:8%

(3/36)

NA

Bokal EV et al. (2005) [21]

SI:83.5%

(76 /91)

LI:80.3%

(94 /117)

SI:51.3%

(39/76)

LI:67%

(63 /94)

NA

NA

NA

NA

Nargund G et al. (2001) [13]

NA

NA

NA

SI:10.5%

(27/258)

LI:18%

(20/111)

NA

NA

Bjercke S et al. (2000) [20]

NA

SI:63.9%

(554/867)

LI:62.1%

(598 /963)

NA

SI:24%

(20/83)

LI:20%

(17/87)

NA

NA

Mansour RT et al. (1994) [9]

SI:64.7%

(345/539)

LI:79.47%

(209/263)

SI:55.9%

(193/345)

LI:57.42%

(120 /209)

NA

NA

NA

NA

Jamieson ME et al. (1991) [19]

NA

SI:76.8%

(232/302)

LI:84.2%

(255 /303)

NA

SI:20%

(6/30)

LI:26.7%

(8 /30)

NA

NA

Thornton SJ et al. (1990) [18]

NA

NA

NA

SI:18.5%

(17/92)

LI:14.4%

(13 /90)

SI:17.6%

(3 /17)

LI:0%

(0)

NA