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Table 5 The USA hCG Reference Service experience, 1997 – 2008 with 319 cases with persistent low positive hCG in the absence of pregnancy or history of gestational trophoblastic disease or other malignancy.

From: New discoveries on the biology and detection of human chorionic gonadotropin

Source of hCG

Menopause Ages > 50

Perimenopause Ages > 40

Menstrual Ages 18 – 40

Pituitary hCG

43

60

9

Non-trophoblastic neoplasm

0

2

9

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasm

0

2

10

False positive hCG test

1

8

82