Figure 1

Distribution of different grades of histopatological testicular injuries in all experimental groups. Group 1: No preconditioning + 180 min ischemia (control group). Group 2: 10 min transient ischemia + 10 min reperfusion + 180 min ischemia. Group 3: 20 min transient ischemia + 10 min reperfusion + 180 min ischemia. Group 4: 30 min transient ischemia + 10 min reperfusion + 180 min ischemia. Group 5: Three consecutive "10 min transient ischemia + 10 min reperfusion" cycles + 180 min ischemia. Group 6: Three consecutive ''5, 10, and 20 min, respectively, transient ischemia + 10 min reperfusion" cycles + 180 min ischemia. Group 7: Three consecutive ''10, 20, and 30 min, respectively, transient ischemia + 10 min reperfusion" cycles + 180 min ischemia