Table 3 Demographic and clinical characteristics at the index visit. Continuous data are expressed as median (25th – 75th percentile), while categorical data are expressed as N(%)

Age (years)

32

(28.5–35.5)

32

(29–35)

33

(28–36)

32

(29–35)

33

(28–36)

BMI (kg/m²)

22.8

(20.7–26.8)

22.5

(20.3–25.4)

28.3

(24.0–30.8)

22.1

(20.0–24.2)

29.3

(26.9–34.0)

Waist circumference (cm)

77.3

(71.0–85.8)

76

(71–83)

89

(78–94)

75

(70–80)

91

(86–99)

Total testosterone (nmol/L)

1.2

(0.9–1.6)

1.2

(0.9–1.6)

1.4

(1.0–1.9)

1.2

(0.8–1.6)

1.4

(0.9–1.8)

SHBG

36

(22–52)

40

(27–55)

21

(15–32)

42

(30- − 58)

19

(13–28)

Free androgen index

3.3

(1.8–6.0)

3.0

(1.7–5.5)

5.9

(3.2–14.2)

2.6

(1.6–4.7)

7.0

(4.3–12.9)

Fasting glucose (nmol/L)

4.7

(4.4–4.9)

4.6

(4.4–4.9)

5.2

(4.6–5.8)

4.6

(4.4. – 4.8)

5.0

(4.6–5.5)

2-Hour glucose (nmol/L)

5.1

(4.5–6.4)

4.8

(4.4–5.6)

7.8

(6.6–9.6)

4.9

(4.3–5.6)

6.6

(5.1–8.3)

HOMA-IR

1.5

(1.0–2.4)

1.3

(0.9–1.9)

3.1

(1.5–5.6)

1.2

(0.9–1.8)

3.3

(2.0–5.3)

Systolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)

114

(105–127)

111

(104–122)

126

(113–134)

110

(103–121)

129

(116–138)

Diastolic blood pressure (mm/Hg)

67

(61–75)

66

(60–73)

76

(65–80)

65

(59–71)

76

(69–83)

Total cholesterol (mmol/L)

4.5

(4.0-5.1)

4.5

(4.0–5.1)

4.6

(4.2–5.2)

4.5

(4.0–5.0)

4.9

(4.2–5.3)

HDL cholesterol (mmol/L)

1.4

(1.2–1.7)

1.5

(1.3–1.7)

1.2

(1.0–1.5)

1.5

(1.3–1.8)

1.1

(1.0–1.2)

LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)

2.6

(2.2–3.0)

2.6

(2.1–3.0)

2.7

(2.4–3.3)

2.6

(2.1–2.9)

2.9

(2.6–3.5)

Triglycerides (mmol/L)

0.9

(0.7–1.2)

0.8

(0.6–1.1)

1.2

(0.9–1.7)

0.8

(0.6–1.0)

1.5

(1.0–2.1)

AGEs (µg/ml)

14.8

(10.7–19.5)

14.6

(10.3–19.4)

15.3

(11.2–21.3)

14.6

(10.3–19.2)

15.8

(11.5–20.7)

sRAGE (pg/ml)

595.7

(471.3–796.3)

615.7

(492.5–821.0)

493.4

(401.2–658.6)

650.3

(532.1–834.9)

463.7

(393.0–560.6)