Machine learning-based clustering to identify the combined effect of the DNA fragmentation index and conventional semen parameters on in vitro fertilization outcomes

Table 2 The crude and multi-variate adjusted odds ratios (95% CIs) of IVF outcomes in relation to the multi-variable co-exposure clusters

Cluster	Events/patients	Crude model	Model 1^a	Model 2^b
*Live birth outcome*
Cluster 1^c	165/346	ref	ref	ref
Cluster 2^d	215/468	0.932 (0.706, 1.232)	0.940 (0.710, 1.244)	0.933 (0.704, 1.236)
Cluster 3^e	129/329	0.708 (0.521, 0.960)	0.734 (0.539, 0.998)	0.733 (0.537, 0.998)
Cluster 4^f	40/115	0.585 (0.375, 0.902)	0.618 (0.394, 0.959)	0.620 (0.394, 0.967)
*Clinical pregnancy outcome*
Cluster 1^c	190/346	ref	ref	ref
Cluster 2^d	255/468	0.983 (0.743, 1.299)	0.984 (0.743, 1.302)	0.984 (0.742, 1.303)
Cluster 3^e	153/329	0.714 (0.527, 0.966)	0.718 (0.529, 0.974)	0.720 (0.530, 0.977)
Cluster 4^f	48/115	0.588 (0.382, 0.899)	0.590 (0.381, 0.908)	0.592 (0.381, 0.914)
*β-hCG positive outcome*
Cluster 1^c	197/346	ref	ref	ref
Cluster 2^d	256/468	0.913 (0.690, 1.208)	0.915 (0.690, 1.212)	0.913 (0.689, 1.211)
Cluster 3^e	161/329	0.725 (0.535, 0.981)	0.731 (0.539, 0.992)	0.733 (0.539, 0.995)
Cluster 4^f	50/115	0.582 (0.379, 0.889)	0.585 (0.379, 0.900)	0.587 (0.379, 0.906)

Note:
^aModel 1 was adjusted for duration of attempt to conceive, female age, male age, female BMI, and male BMI
^bModel 2 was additionally adjusted for controlled ovulation stimulation protocols, AMH, E2, FSH, endometrial thickness, and numbers of oocytes retrieved
^cLow-level DFI/high-level semen parameter group
^dLow-level DFI/median-level semen parameter group
^eLow-level DFI/low-level semen parameter group
^fHigh-level DFI/low-level semen parameter group
Bold demonstrates statistical significance

ISSN: 1477-7827