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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of 1258 infertile couples clustered in 4 clusters according to sperm DFI and the studied routine semen parameters

From: Machine learning-based clustering to identify the combined effect of the DNA fragmentation index and conventional semen parameters on in vitro fertilization outcomes

Characteristics

Cluster 1

Cluster 2

Cluster 3

Cluster 4

P-value

N

346

468

329

115

 

Duration of attempt to conceive, years

3.0 [2.0, 6.0]

3.0 [2.0, 6.0]

4.0 [2.0, 5.0]

4.0 [2.0, 6.0]

0.521

Male age, years

32.0 [30.0, 35.0]

33.0 [30.0, 36.0]

33.0 [31.0, 37.0]

36.0 [31.5, 39.5]

 < 0.001

Female age, years

31.0 [28.0, 33.0]

31.0 [29.0, 34.0]

31.00 [29.0, 34.0]

32.00 [30.0, 35.0]

0.003

Male BMI, kg/m2

23.5 [21.2, 25.9]

23.7 [21.7, 26.1]

23.3 [21.3, 25.6]

23.5 [21.3, 26.5]

0.534

Female BMI, kg/m2

21.9 [20.0, 23.9]

21.7 [20.0, 23.9]

21.8 [20.3, 23.6]

22.1 [20.8, 23.9]

0.377

Sperm DNA fragmentation index, %

8.6 [6.4, 12.5]

12.4 [8.8, 17.1]

15.9 [11.4, 20.2]

36.4 [30.1, 43.3]

 < 0.001

Semen volume, mL

3.1 [2.3, 4.0]

2.9 [2.1, 3.8]

3.0 [2.1, 4.0]

2.9 [2.1, 4.2]

0.182

Sperm concentration, 106 / ml

62.0 [46.9, 87.3]

55.1 [38.1, 78.4]

29.30 [19.3, 41.8]

32.00 [20.6, 52.6]

 < 0.001

Rapidly progressive motility, %

51.5 [47.0, 56.0]

36.0 [31.0, 40.0]

19.0 [14.0, 25.0]

13.0 [6.5, 20.0]

 < 0.001

Slow or sluggish progressive motility, %

19.0 [17.0, 22.0]

22.0 [18.0, 26.0]

14.0 [10.0, 17.0]

12.0 [7.5, 15.0]

 < 0.001

Anti-Mullerian hormone, ng/ml

4.1 [2.6, 6.2]

3.9 [2.4, 6.4]

3.7 [2.6, 6.2]

3.8 [2.6, 5.6]

0.783

Estradiol, pmol/L

117.5 [83.4, 174.3]

126.0 [88.0, 178.0]

125.0 [87.0, 171.0]

121.0 [93.0, 154.5]

0.681

Follicle-stimulating hormone, mIU/ml

5.4 [4.6, 6.1]

5.2 [4.5, 6.1]

5.2 [4.3, 6.3]

5.5 [4.8, 6.3]

0.217

Endometrial thickness on hCG trigger day, mm

10.7 [9.5, 11.6]

10.7 [9.5, 11.8]

10.7 [9.3, 12.0]

10.7 [9.5, 12.0]

0.679

Number of long down-regulation protocol

234 (67.6)

326 (69.7)

224 (68.1)

78 (67.8)

0.927

Number of oocytes retrieved

11.0 [8.0, 14.0]

11.0 [8.0, 14.0]

11.0 [8.0, 14.0]

10.0 [8.0, 14.0]

0.854

Number of fertilized eggs

9.0 [6.0, 11.0]

9.0 [6.0, 12.0]

8.0 [6.0, 11.0]

7.0 [6.0, 11.0]

0.006

Number of oocytes cleaved

9.0 [6.0, 11.0]

9.0 [6.0, 12.0]

8.00 [6.0, 11.0]

7.00 [5.0, 10.0]

0.003

Number of embryos available on Day3

4.0 [2.0, 7.0]

5.0 [3.0, 7.0]

4.0 [2.0, 6.0]

4.0 [2.0, 5.0]

0.012

Fertilization rate, %

87.5 [75.0, 100.0]

87.5 [73.3, 100.0]

83.3 [66.7, 93.8]

80.0 [60.0, 88.9]

 < 0.001

Cleavage rate, %

100.0 [100.0, 100.0]

100.0 [100.0, 100.0]

100.0 [100.0, 100.0]

100.0 [100.0, 100.0]

0.490

D3 available embryos rate, %

50.0 [31.8, 70.0]

54.5 [33.3, 75.0]

50.00 [28.6, 70.0]

57.1 [31.7, 71.4]

0.592

  1. Abbreviation: BMI body mass index. Note: Values are median (interquartile range) or number (%)