Trend changes in age-related body mass index gain after coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Tano, Sho; Kotani, Tomomi; Ushida, Takafumi; Iitani, Yukako; Imai, Kenji; Kinoshita, Fumie; Kajiyama, Hiroaki

doi:10.1186/s12958-023-01061-1

Table 1 Age-related BMI gain in the pre-pandemic and post-pandemic period

From: Trend changes in age-related body mass index gain after coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in Japan: a multicenter retrospective cohort study

Characteristics	n (%)	Age-related BMI gain, kg/m²/year		p-value
Characteristics	n (%)	Pre-pandemic (2015–2019)	Post-pandemic (2020–2021)	p-value
Female
Overall	6603 (100)	0.11 ± 0.00	0.02 ± 0.01	< 0.001
15–44 years old	3349 (50.7)	0.15 ± 0.01	0.06 ± 0.01	< 0.001*
Overweight or obesity	410 (6.2)	0.18 ± 0.03	0.06 ± 0.06	0.100
Normalweight	2269 (34.4)	0.14 ± 0.01	0.05 ± 0.02	< 0.001^§
Underweight	670 (10.1)	0.14 ± 0.01	0.08 ± 0.02	0.039
45–54 years old	2419 (36.6)	0.08 ± 0.01	− 0.03 ± 0.02	< 0.001*
Overweight or obesity	378 (5.7)	0.11 ± 0.02	− 0.01 ± 0.06	0.071
Normalweight	1681 (25.5)	0.08 ± 0.01	− 0.03 ± 0.02	< 0.001^§
Underweight	360 (5.5)	0.08 ± 0.01	− 0.05 ± 0.03	< 0.001^§
55–64 years old	835 (12.6)	0.09 ± 0.01	− 0.02 ± 0.03	0.002*
Overweight or obesity	120 (1.8)	0.07 ± 0.04	0.03 ± 0.09	0.732
Normalweight	615 (9.3)	0.09 ± 0.01	−0.01 ± 0.03	0.002^§
Underweight	100 (1.5)	0.10 ± 0.02	−0.01 ± 0.05	0.065
Male
Overall	12,687 (100)	0.11 ± 0.00	−0.02 ± 0.01	< 0.001
15–44 years old	6573 (51.8)	0.14 ± 0.01	0.00 ± 0.01	< 0.001*
Overweight or obesity	1746 (13.8)	0.09 ± 0.01	− 0.04 ± 0.03	< 0.001^§
Normalweight	4442 (35.0)	0.16 ± 0.00	0.01 ± 0.01	< 0.001^§
Underweight	385 (3.0)	0.18 ± 0.01	0.04 ± 0.03	< 0.001^§
45–54 years old	4180 (32.9)	0.09 ± 0.00	− 0.03 ± 0.01	< 0.001*
Overweight or obesity	1300 (10.2)	0.05 ± 0.01	− 0.03 ± 0.03	0.006
Normalweight	2754 (21.7)	0.10 ± 0.01	− 0.02 ± 0.01	< 0.001^§
Underweight	126 (1.0)	0.16 ± 0.02	− 0.03 ± 0.06	0.003^§
55–64 years old	1934 (15.2)	0.06 ± 0.01	−0.06 ± 0.02	< 0.001*
Overweight or obesity	610 (4.8)	0.01 ± 0.01	− 0.11 ± 0.04	< 0.001^§
Normalweight	1270 (10.0)	0.08 ± 0.01	− 0.03 ± 0.02	< 0.001^§
Underweight	54 (0.4)	0.16 ± 0.04	−0.07 ± 0.08	0.008

Age-related BMI gain was expressed as mean ± standard error (SE) and p-value for the paired t-test
BMI Body mass index, n Numbers in each group
*p-values were considered significant at < 0.0167 (Bonferroni correction: 0.05/3 = 0.0167)
^§ p-values were considered significant at < 0.0056 (Bonferroni correction: 0.05/9 = 0.0056)

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ISSN: 1477-7827

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