Table 1 Basic characteristics of the included studies
Study (year) | Country | Study period | Population (I/C)a | Ageb | BMIb | Intervention | Control | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Angik, 2015 [46] | India | 09.2012–08.2014 | 50/50 | NR | 23.7 | MI 1000 mg 24w | MET 1000 mg | cycle norm., BMI, pregnancy rate, FPI, FPG, HOMA, TT, m-FG score, side effect |
Benelli, 2016 [31] | Italy | NR | 21/25 | 24.1 | 31.5 | MI (1100 mg) + DCI (27,6 mg) 24w | FA 400mcg | BMI, FPI, FPG, HOMA index, FT, SHBG, DHEAS, A, side effect |
Brusco, 2013 [32] | Italy | 06.2012–05.2013 | 58/91 | NR | NR | MI (2000 mg) + DCI (400 mg) 12w | FA 400mcg | pregnancy rate |
Chirania, 2017 [47] | India | 08.2015–07.2016 | 26/28 | 23.8 | 25.1 | MI 1000 mg 16w | MET 1000 mg | cycle. norm., BMI, pregnancy rate, FPI |
Chhabra, 2018 [33] | India | NR | 31/32 | 29.7 | NR | MI 4000 mg 12w | MET 1700 mg | cycle norm., m-FG score, acne |
Costantino, 2009 [34] | Italy and France | NR | 23/19 | 28.3 | 22.7 | MI 4000 mg 12-16w | FA 400 mcg | BMI, FPI, FPG, AUC-glu, AUC-ins, TT, FT, SHBG, DHEAS, A |
Doná, 2012 [35] | Italy | NR | 18/8 | 23.5 | 21.7 | MI 1200 mg 12w | Placebo powder | BMI, FPI, FPG, AUC-ins, AUC-glu, HOMA, TT, A |
Donne, 2019 [15] | Italy | 11.2015–06.2016 | 22/21 | 26.7 | 32 | 1. MI 4000 mg 24w | diet | cycle norm., BMI, FG-score |
2. MI 1100 mg + DCI 27,6 mg 24w | ||||||||
Fruzetti, 2016 [36] | Italy | 2014–2015 | 24/22 | 21.9 | 27.8 | MI 4000 mg 24w | MET 1500 mg | BMI, HOMA, AUC-ins, A, hirsutism, acne |
Genazzani, 2008 [37] | Italy | NR | 10/10 | NR | 28.4 | MI 2000 mg 12w | FA 200mcg | BMI, FPI, HOMA, glu/ins ratio, TT, A, FG-score |
Gerli, 2007 [38] | Italy | NR | 45/47 | 29.4 | 34.4 | MI 4000 mg 14w | FA 400mcg | BMI, pregnancy rate, FPI, FPG, AUC-ins, |
H. Jamiliam, 2017 [40] | Iran | 06.2016–12.2016 | 30/30 | 28.1 | 27.9 | MI 4000 mg 12w | MET 1500 mg | BMI |
Iuorno, 2002 [39] | Venezuela | NR | 10/10 | 27.4 | 24.5 | DCI 600 mg 7w | NR | BMI, FPI, FPG, AUC-glu, AUC-ins, TT, FT, SHBG, DHEAS, A, side effect |
Leo, 2013c [50] | Italy | NR | 20/20 | NR | 27,5 | MI 3000 mg 24w | MET 1700 mg | BMI, FPI, FPG, HOMA, TT, FT, SHBG, A, FG-score |
M. Jamiliam, 2017 [41] | Iran | 11.2016–02.2017 | 30/30 | 26.8 | 26.5 | MI 4000 mg 12w | MET 1500 mg | BMI, TT, SHBG, mFG-score |
Nehra, 2017 [42] | India | NR | 30/30 | 23.5 | 26.3 | MI 2000 mg 24w | MET 1500 mg | BMI |
Nehra J., 2017 [16] | India | NR | 30/30 | 23.5 | 26.3 | MI 2000 mg 24w | MET 1500 mg | FPI, FPG, Glu/ins ratio, HOMA, TT |
Nestler, 1999 [43] | Venezuela | NR | 22/22 | 27.5 | 31.2 | DCI 1200 mg 7w | Placebo | BMI, AUC-glu, AUC-ins, TT, FT, SHBG, DHEAS, A, side effect, presence of ovulation |
Pourghasem, 2018 [44] | Iran | 2015–2016 | 50/50/50 | 30.9 | 28.3 | MI 4000 mg 12w | 1.MET 1500 mg | cycle norm., pregnancy rate, side effect |
2.FA 400mcg | ||||||||
Raffone, 2010 [49] | Italy | 06.2006–06.2008 | 60/60 | 29.4 | 25 | MI 4000 mg 24w | MET 1500 mg | cycle norm., pregnancy rate |
Rajasekaran, 2021 [13] | India | 05.2018–03.2020 | 50/50 | 30.5 | 26.5 | MI 4000 mg 12w | MET 1700 mg | cycle norm., BMI, pregnancy rate, FPI, FPG, HOMA, TT, SHBG, side effect |
Schihalli, 2012 [45] | Italy | 01.2010–09.2010 | 9/8 | 30.6 | NR | MI 4000 mg NR w | FA 400mcg | pregnancy rate |
Shokrpour, 2021 [14] | Iran | 09.2017–12.2017 | 26/27 | 28 | 27.7 | MI 4000 mg 12w | MET 1500 mg | BMI, FPG, Insulin, HOMA |
Singh, 2020 [48] | India | 04.2013–08.2014 | 66/66 | NR | 31.8 | MI 4000 mg 12w | FA 500mcg | BMI, FPI, FPG, TT |
Soldat-Stankovic, 2021 [12] | Bosnia-Herzegovina | 11.2017–05.2019 | 30/30 | NR | 26.1 | MI 4000 mg 24w | MET 1500 mg | BMI, FPI, FPG, AUC-glu, AUC-ins, HOMA, TT, SHBG, DHEAS, FG-score,side effect |
Tagliaferri, 2017c [51] | Italy | NR | 14/20 | 25.6 | 32.6 | MI 1000 mg 24w | MET 1700 mg | BMI, pregnancy rate, AUC-ins, AUC-glu, TT, SHBG, DHEAS, A, FG-score, side effect, |