Fig. 6From: Endoplasmic reticulum stress increases exosome biogenesis and packaging relevant to sperm maturation in response to oxidative stress in obese mice Palmitic acid (PA) significantly induces the ER stress in the primary EECs and promotes the EEC-derived exosome biogenesis in EECs. A Co-immunofluorescent staining of cytokeratin 8 (red) and vimentin (green) evaluated primary EECs purity. B-D PA significantly induced ER stress based on the upregulation of PERK and IRE1α in the EECs. E-F Western blot analysis detected the expression levels of the candidate proteins, PDIA3 and RRBP1, in the EECs with or without PA treatment. G-H Representative Western blot analyses of candidate protein CRELD2 and exosome marker CD63 in the EECs with or without PA treatment. I NTA determination of the concentration of the exosomes derived from the EECs. The relative quantification of the proteins was normalized to β-actin. All the data were presented as mean ± SD, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ****P < 0.0001Back to article page