Fig. 2

High-fat diet induces obese phenotypes in CD-1 mice. A,B Representative H&E staining for control and high-fat diet mouse uterus. C,D Representative H&E staining for control and high-fat diet mouse liver. The high-fat diet animals show accumulation of ectopic fat. E,F Representative H&E staining for control and high-fat diet mouse white adipose tissue. Arrowhead indicates hypertrophic adipocyte. G Quantification of area of adipocytes from histological sections in control diet (n = 5) and high-fat diet (n = 5), mean ± S.D. Statistic is two-tailed, unpaired t-test. H Semi-dry uterus mass measurement for control diet (n = 4) and high-fat diet (n = 8) mice, mean ± S.D. Statistic is two-tailed, unpaired t-test. I Heatmap representation of estrous cycle staging by vaginal swab test at time of uteri collection for control diet (n = 9) and high-fat diet (n = 13). Control diet and high-fat diet groups were not significantly different (Chi-square). J Blood glucose measurements over time in mg/dl after injection with 2 g/kg glucose for control diet (n = 9) and high-fat diet (n = 13), mean ± S.D. Statistic is two-tailed, unpaired t-test between two groups at same timepoint. Test was performed at week 17 of diet. K Measurements of serum insulin over time for control diet (n = 9) and high-fat diet (n = 13) mice determined by ELISA, normalized to cohort controls, mean ± S.D. Statistic is two-tailed, unpaired t-test. L Body mass of each mouse at week 18 normalized to cohort control (x-axis) vs. resting glucose measurement (t = 0, glucose tolerance test, mg/dl) (y-axis). Statistic is Pearson’s correlation. M Body mass of each mouse at week 18 of diet normalized to cohort control (x-axis) vs. glucose tolerance (t = 30, glucose tolerance test, mg/dl) (y-axis). Statistic is Pearson’s correlation. N Body mass of each mouse at week 18 of diet normalized to cohort control (x-axis) vs. serum insulin of each mouse at latest timepoint normalized to cohort control (y-axis). Statistic is Pearson’s correlation. O Hierarchical clustering of mice based on glucose (30 min), body mass and serum insulin measurements. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; n.s. is non-significant