Fig. 3

Novel managements of preeclampsia (PE). Increasing treatments of PE have been investigated, including Calcium supplement, Pravastatin, Aspirin, Melatonin and Metformin. Based on specific signaling pathways, the drugs target on the procoagulant factor secretion, placental perfusion, reactive oxygen species, trophoblast, endothelial function and immine system. Through improving the antithrombus, vasodilation, antioxidant, placentation, angiogenesis and inflammation, these drugs can finally alleviate the symtoms of PE. (Abbreviation: ALCA, activated leukocyte cell adhesion molecule; AMPK, 5’ adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase; IL-6, interleukin 6; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; LFA-1, β2-integrin; MHC-II, major histocompatibility complex II; NF-κB, nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells; Nrf2, Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2; PGF, placenta growth factor; PTH, parathyroid hormone; sFLT-1, soluble fms-like tyrosin kinase-1; TXA2, Thromboxane A2; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α)