Betaine attenuate chronic restraint stress-induced changes in testicular damage and oxidative stress in male mice

Table 4 Effect of Betaine (BET) on the reproductive organ weight, the reproductive organ coefficient and the sperm parameters analysis in anxiety model induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS)

Groups	Testis (mg)	Cauda Epididymis (mg)	Testis (%)	Cauda Epididymis (%)	Sperm count (10⁶ ml⁻¹)	Deformity rate (%)	Viability (%)
Control + NS	107.89 ± 23.57	9.99 ± 2.18	0.39 ± 0.08	0.04 ± 0.01	8.667 ± 0.99	16.33 ± 6.41	73.56 ± 16.21
CRS + NS	97.27 ± 9.31	9.00 ± 1.29	0.39 ± 0.05	0.04 ± 0.00	4.967 ± 1.27^***	31.33 ± 7.87^*	33.63 ± 10.03^***
CRS + BET	86.48 ± 36.05	10.22 ± 1.23	0.34 ± 0.15	0.04 ± 0.00	6.60 ± 0.58^#	24.33 ± 5.16	57.86 ± 1.892^##

^*P < 0.05, compared with Control group; ^**P < 0.01, compared with Control group; ^***P<0.001, compared with Control group; ^#P<0.05, compared with CRS+NS group; ^##P<0.01, compared with CRS+NS group. Different symbol indicate significant difference P < 0.05 among groups determined by one-way ANOVA (followed by Bonferroni post hoc test)

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