Fig. 5

CSF-1- induced the differentiation of DC-SIGN⁺ macrophages, leading to a suppressive phenotype of peripheral blood lymphocytes, while anti-CSF-1R abrogated this effect. A The coculture system of treated macrophages and PBMCs. B Gating of CD45⁺ CD8⁺ T cells and gating of CD4⁺ FOXP3⁺ Treg cells in the PBMCs of the coculture system. C The experiment was repeated nine times, and the differences between the groups were analyzed by two-way analysis of variance. The values are expressed as the means ± SDs. *P ≤ 0.05. NC: PBMCs without coculture, CO1: PBMCs cocultured with untreated macrophages, CO2: PBMCs cocultured with CSF-1-induced macrophages, CO3: PBMCs cocultured with CSF-1-induced macrophages pretreated with the anti-CSF-1R antidoby, and CO4: PBMCs were cocultured with CSF-1-induced macrophages pretreated with the anti-DC-SIGN antibody