Fig. 3

CSF-1 levels are elevated in peritoneal fluid and ectopic endometrium from women with endometriosis and in ectopic lesions and the peritoneum of mice with endometriosis. A The gene expression of CSF-1 in the normal endometrium, eutopic endometrium of endometriosis patients and ectopic endometrium of endometriosis patients, as detected by RT–PCR. B The percentage of the cytokine CSF-1 amoung total protein, as detected by ELISA, in the PF of the control and endometriosis groups. C The EMS model and ectopic lesions in the EMS model. D The level of the cytokine CSF-1 in the PF, peritoneal cells of the PF, peritoneum, normal endometrium, eutopic endometrium, and ectopic endometrium in the control and EMS model was analyzed by the MILLIPLEX MAP Mouse Cytokine/Chemokine Magnetic Bead Panel. The data are presented as the means ± SDs. Statistical analyses were performed by Student’s t test (controls, n = 25; endometriosis patients, n = 35; normal mice, n = 9; EMS mice, n = 9) and one-way analysis of variance (eutopic = 17; ectopic = 17; normal = 11). Significant differences are indicated as *P ≤ 0.05 and **P ≤ 0.01