Preeclampsia at delivery is associated with lower serum vitamin D and higher antiangiogenic factors: a case control study

Table 1 Characteristics of the study population and biochemical testing results^a

Characteristic	All	Preeclampsia	Controls	p-value
Number of women	397	56	341
Weighted number	270	32	238
Mother’s age (years)^b	27.7 (5.2)	25.8 (5.1)	27.9 (5.2)	0.027
Pre-pregnancy BMI (kg/m²)^b	28.3 (5.6)	28.6 (6.2)	28.2 (5.9)	0.74
Education (years)^b	13.5 (2.6)	12.7 (1.9)	13.6 (2.7)	0.055
Non-smoker^c	88%	87%	90%	0.67
Gestational diabetes	9%	9%	11%	0.79
Prima gravida	35%	64%	31%	< 0.001
GA at delivery (weeks)^b	38.2 (2.3)	37.0 (2.6)	38.4 (2.3)	0.0015
Birthweight (g)^b	3228 (576)	2767 (597)	3291 (553)	< 0.001
Race/ethnicity
White / non-Hispanic	47%	43%	48%	0.71
Black / non-Hispanic	10%	10%	10%
Hispanic	43%	47%	42%
Type of Delivery
Spontaneous	50%	10%	52%	< 0.001
Induced	30%	56%	27%
No labor	20%	34%	21%
Endoglin (ng/mL)^d	9.5 (0.21)	18.6 (0.19)	8.7 (0.19)	< 0.001
sFlt-1 (pg/mL)^d	7500 (0.33)	11,600 (0.27)	7050 (0.34)	< 0.001
Vitamin D (ng/mL)^d	19.0 (0.15)	16.5 (0.14)	19.3 (0.15)	0.014

BMI body mass index, GA gestational age, sFlt-1 Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1
^aUsing weights to account for over-sampling for preterm birth and non-Hispanic blacks in the original study
^bResults reported as mean (standard deviation, SD)
^cBased on cotinine, the major metabolite of nicotine
^dGeometric mean (logarithmic SD), due to a right skewed distribution

ISSN: 1477-7827