Fig. 1

Effects of BMP2 on the expression of GREM1 and GREM2 in immortalized human granulosa-lutein (SVOG) cells. A and B, the concentration-dependent effects of BMP2 on the mRNA levels of GREM1 (A) and GREM2 (B). C and D, and the tome-course seffects of BMP2 on the mRNA levels of GREM1 (C) and GREM2 (D). E, the concentration-dependent effects of BMP2 on the protein levels of GREM2. F, Immunostaining showing the effect of BMP2 on the localization of GREM2. The results are expressed as the mean ± SEM of at least three independent experiments, and values without common letters are considered significantly different (P < 0.05). Letters are used to denote the statistically significant differences between variables. If the letters on the column bar of two groups are the same (E.g. “a” vs. “a” or “b” vs. “b”), it means that there is no statistical difference between two groups. On the other hand, if the letters on the column bar of two groups are different (E.g. “a” vs. “b” or “b” vs. “c”), it means that there is significant difference between two groups. BMP2, bone morphogenetic protein 2; Ctrl, control; GREM1, gremlin1; GREM2, gremlin2