The effects of Vitamin D3 supplementation on Spermatogram and endocrine factors in asthenozoospermia infertile men: a randomized, triple blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Maghsoumi-Norouzabad, Leila; Zare Javid, Ahmad; Mansoori, Anahita; Dadfar, Mohammadreza; Serajian, Amirarsalan

doi:10.1186/s12958-021-00789-y

Table 1 Characteristics of the trial participants

From: The effects of Vitamin D3 supplementation on Spermatogram and endocrine factors in asthenozoospermia infertile men: a randomized, triple blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Variables	Time		Vitamin D3 (n = 43)	Placebo (n = 43)	P value (between)
Age (y)			35.13 ± 5.51	34.44 ± 5.07	0.566^a
Marriage Duration (y)			4.65 ± 2.26	5.32 ± 3.45	0.288^a
Infertility Duration (y)			2.75 ± 2.25	3.27 ± 1.97	0.256^a
Education	Elementary		1(2.3)	1 (2.3)	0.506^b
	Diploma		11 (25.6)	13 (30.2)
	Associate Degree		10 (23.3)	14 (32.6)
	Bachelor		6 [14]	5 (11.6)
	Master’s degree		11 (25.6)	5 (11.6)
	Ph.D.		4 (9.3)	5 (11.6)
Race	Fars		7 (16.3)	13 (30.2)	0.215^b
	Arab		22 (51.2)	13 (30.2)
	Lor		12 (27.9)	14 (32.6)
	Tork		2 (4.7)	3 (7)
Height (cm)			173.48 ± 6.05	172.79 ± 7.66	0.641^a
Weight (kg)	Baseline		85.80 ± 12.00	83.63 ± 10.48	0.374^a
	12 weeks		85.67 ± 11.85	83.33 ± 10.95	0.345^a
	Change		-0.12 ± 0.66	− 0.29 ± 2.06	0.615^a
P value (within)^c			0.209	0.353
BMI (kg/m²)	Baseline		28.40 ± 2.96	27.95 ± 2.51	0.452^a
	12 weeks		28.36 ± 2.91	27.84 ± 2.63	0.387^a
	Change		−0.03 ± 0.22	− 0.11 ± 0.72	0.525^a
P value (within)^c			0.272	0.313
WC (cm)	Baseline		105.58 ± 8.45	104.32 ± 8.21	0.487^a
	12 weeks		105.34 ± 8.06	104.23 ± 8.88	0.656^a
	Change		−0.53 ± 1.16	− 0.09 ± 1.87	0.193^a
P value (within)^c			0.133	0.747
BF percentage	Baseline		31.23 ± 8.77	31.13 ± 6.47	0.950^a
	12 weeks		31.09 ± 8.68	30.97 ± 6.21	0.943^a
	Change		−0.14 ± 0.48	− 0.15 ± 0.54	0.913^a
P value (within)^c			0.053	0.064
Physical Activity	Baseline	Low	18 (41.9)	20 (46.5)	0.664^b
	Baseline	average	25 (58.1)	23 (53.5)	0.664^b
	12 weeks	Low	21 (48.8)	22 (51.2)	0.829^b
	12 weeks	average	22 (51.2)	21 (48.8)	0.829^b
P value (within)^d			0.581	0.727
Sun exposure	Baseline	< 1 h	13 (30.23)	12 (27.90)	0.812^b
	Baseline	> 1 h	30 (69.76)	31 (72.09)	0.812^b
	12 weeks	< 1 h	15 (34.88)	15 (34.88)	1.00^b
	12 weeks	> 1 h	28 (65.11)	28 (65.11)	1.00^b
P value (within)^d			0.765	0.579
Time of sun exposure	Baseline	10 AM–3 PM	23 (53.48)	30 (69.76)	0.326^b
	Baseline	Other	20 (46.51)	14 (32.55)	0.326^b
	12 weeks	10 AM–3 PM	21 (48.83)	27 (62.79)	0.553^b
	12 weeks	Other	22 (51.16)	16 (37.20)	0.553^b
P value (within)^d			0.683	0.447
Sun exposure area	Baseline	Face and Hand	14 (32.6)	16 (37.2)	0.651^b
	Baseline	Face and Hand and Arm	29 (67.4)	27(62.8)	0.651^b
	12 weeks	Face and Hand	19 (44.18)	21 (48.83)	0.420^b
	12 weeks	Face and Hand and Arm	24 (55.81)	22 (51.16)	0.420^b
P value (within)^d			0.228	0.138
Sun screen use	Baseline	Yes	17 (39.53)	16 (37.20)	0.612^b
	Baseline	No	26 (60.46)	27 (62.79)	0.612^b
	12 weeks	Yes	18 (41.86)	19 (44.18)	0.586^b
	12 weeks	No	25 (58.13)	24 (55.81)	0.586^b
P value (within)^d			0.958	0.321

BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; BF, body fat
- Values are expressed as mean ± standard deviation (SD) or Frequency and percent
- Between group differences pre intervention, the p value are reported based on the independent sample t test (a) or Chi-Square test (b)
- Between group differences post intervention; the p value are reported based on Chi-Square (b)
- Between groups comparing the changes of variables, the p value is reported using the independent sample t test (a)
- Within group differences, the p value is reported using the paired t test (c) or McNemar (d)
-P < 0.05 was considered significant

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