Table 7 Univariate and multivariate analysis of semen parameters, serum reproductive hormone, lipids and leptin regarding WHO BMI category (normal: 18.50–24.99 versus pathologic > 24.99)

Semen volume (mL)

2.1 (0.96–4.8)

2.01 (0.87–4.6)

0.100

–

–

2.84 (0.76–10.6)

Ratio of PR sperm (%)

1.2 (0.75–1.9)

1.19 (0.66–2.10)

0.552

–

–

1.11 (0.50–2.5)

Ratio of PR + NP sperm (%)

0.99 (0.58–1.7)

0.70 (0.30–1.60)

0.398

–

–

0.72 (0.27–2.0)

Sperm concentration (10⁶/ml)

1.2 (0.65–2.2)

1.28 (0.54–3.00)

0.576

–

–

1.45 (0.51–4.1)

Ratio of morphologically normal sperm (%)

0.9 (0.56–1.4)

0.91 (0.57–1.50)

0.713

–

–

1.08 (0.56–2.1)

E2

1.6 (0.64–4.1)

–

–

0.49 (0.17–1.40)

0.180

0.57 (0.18–1.8)

PRL

0.98 (0.51–1.9)

–

–

1.17 (0.55–2.50)

0.681

1.30 (0.57–3.0)

Serum leptin (μg/L)

1.3 (0.76–2.2)

–

–

0.74 (0.37–1.50)

0.387

0.49 (0.20–1.2)

Seminal leptin (μg/L)

1.2 (0.72–2.1)

–

–

1.90 (0.95–3.8)

0.071

2.29 (1.02–5.1)

TC (mmol/L)

  < 5.18

1.00

–

–

1.00

1.00

  ≥ 5.18 & ≤ 6.19

−0.12 (1.2–4.1)

–

–

3.46 (1.35–8.90)

0.010

4.99 (1.75–14.2)

  > 6.2

−0.12 (0.46–1.7)

–

–

0.51 (0.11–2.40)

0.397

0.72 (0.14–3.6)

LDL-C (mmol/L)

  < 3.37

1.00

–

–

1.00

1.00

  ≥ 3.37 & ≤ 4.12

−0.034 (0.56–2.3)

–

–

0.57 (0.20–1.60)

0.297

0.38 (0.11–1.3)

  > 4.14

−0.034 (0.46–2)

–

–

1.35 (0.24–7.6)

0.730

1.56 (0.31–8.0)

HDL-C (mmol/L)

  < 1.04

1.00

–

–

1.00

1.00

  ≥ 1.04 & < 1.55

0.69 (0.77–2.1)

–

–

1.55 (0.85–2.8)

0.153

1.26 (0.64–2.5)

  ≥ 1.55

0.69 (0.68–5.8)

–

–

3.01 (0.78–11.6)

0.109

4.17 (0.96–18.0)

TG (mmol/L)

0.91 (0.55–1.5)

–

–

0.84 (0.48–1.5)

0.534

0.79 (0.41–1.5)