Skip to main content

Table 2 Comparison of ART-Mandated versus the Non-Mandated States from 2000 to 2016

From: Do state insurance mandates alter ICSI utilization?

Rates per Clinic, % (MEAN ± STDEV)

2000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

2006

2007

2008

2009

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

2016

Number of Clinics

 Mandated

44

43

64

62

66

72

75

75

76

78

80

78

78

78

76

78

77

 Non-Mandated

110

106

106

109

111

117

121

123

126

123

126

126

123

129

129

132

131

ICSI

 Mandated

42.5 ± 20

49.5 ± 21

51.7 ± 21

55.3 ± 22

58.9 ± 22

62.1 ± 22

63 ± 22

65.4 ± 21

65.3 ± 22

64.2 ± 21

64.6 ± 21

64.1 ± 21

63.3 ± 20

65.3 ± 21

64.9 ± 20

64.8 ± 20

62.5 ± 19

 Non-Mandated

46.9 ± 20

49.1 ± 20

51.7 ± 22

54.9 ± 21

58.2 ± 21

60.8 ± 22

61 ± 22

63.8 ± 22

65.8 ± 21

67.4 ± 20

69 ± 20

71.6 ± 19

71.3 ± 19

71.6 ± 19

72.9 ± 19

71.7 ± 22

67.6 ± 19

p value

0.21

0.9

0.98

0.92

0.84

0.57

0.53

0.62

0.99

0.29

0.14

0.01

0.01

0.03

0.01

0.03

0.06

Male Factor (MF)

 Mandated

32.4 ± 16

33.3 ± 14

33.6 ± 12

32.7 ± 13

35.4 ± 15

34.9 ± 14

33.4 ± 14

35.5 ± 16

34.5 ± 14

33.6 ± 14

33.1 ± 15

32.8 ± 15

34.4 ± 17

34.1 ± 15

32 ± 16

31.3 ± 16

30.5 ± 15

 Non-Mandated

36.4 ± 13

37.7 ± 13

37 ± 13

37.8 ± 14

36.9 ± 15

38.5 ± 16

39.3 ± 17

38.4 ± 15

40.2 ± 15

40.7 ± 16

42.1 ± 15

41 ± 14

40.3 ± 16

37.4 ± 15

38.4 ± 16

37.6 ± 15

36.7 ± 15

p value

0.08

0.08

0.1

0.02

0.52

0.1

0.01

0.21

0.01

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.01

0.12

0.01

0.01

< 0.001

ICSI/MF Ratio

 Mandated

1.31

1.49

1.54

1.69

1.66

1.78

1.89

1.84

1.89

1.91

1.95

1.95

1.84

1.91

2.03

2.07

2.05

 Non-Mandated

1.29

1.30

1.4

1.45

1.58

1.58

1.55

1.66

1.64

1.66

1.64

1.75

1.77

1.91

1.9

1.91

1.84

Pregn. Rate (< 35)

 Mandated

29.3 ± 11

35.1 ± 12

37.7 ± 9

38.3 ± 12

39 ± 12

39.1 ± 10

41.6 ± 11

42 ± 10

43.1 ± 10

43.5 ± 11

43.4 ± 14

42.4 ± 13

44.5 ± 11

45 ± 14

40.9 ± 12

37.6 ± 15

34.5 ± 16

 Non-Mandated

38 ± 14

40.2 ± 11

42.6 ± 10

43.5 ± 13

41.7 ± 14

43.1 ± 14

44.5 ± 12

46.2 ± 12

47 ± 13

48 ± 13

47 ± 13

46.5 ± 12

46.9 ± 13

46.9 ± 13

43.2 ± 14

36 ± 17

35.6 ± 20

p value

< 0.001

0.02

< 0.001

0.01

0.18

0.02

0.08

0.01

0.02

0.01

0.06

0.03

0.15

0.34

0.22

0.49

0.66

Live Birth (< 35)

 Mandated

25.1 ± 9

30.4 ± 10

31.4 ± 8

32.9 ± 9

32.6 ± 12

33.3 ± 8

35.6 ± 9

36.1 ± 10

36.5 ± 9

37 ± 10

37.2 ± 10

35.7 ± 10

37.6 ± 9

37.5 ± 10

35.8 ± 9

31.9 ± 14

29.2 ± 11

 Non-Mandated

33.5 ± 12

35.5 ± 10

37.4 ± 10

38.3 ± 10

36.1 ± 11

37.8 ± 12

39.2 ± 11

40.1 ± 11

40.4 ± 11

42 ± 10

41.4 ± 11

40.6 ± 11

41.3 ± 10

41 ± 11

37.9 ± 12

30.8 ± 15

31 ± 13

p value

< 0.001

0.01

< 0.001

0.01

0.06

0.01

0.03

0.01

0.01

< 0.001

0.02

0.01

0.02

0.07

0.22

0.58

< 0.001

PGT Rates

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

          

 Mandated

       

5.2 ± 9

3.9 ± 8

3.3 ± 5

3.4 ± 5

4.2 ± 7

4.3 ± 6

4.2 ± 6

3.1 ± 6

3.3 ± 6

13.4 ± 13

 Non-Mandated

       

3.2 ± 5

3 ± 5

3 ± 5

3.3 ± 6

4.1 ± 7

4.4 ± 10

5.4 ± 11

4.7 ± 10

4.6 ± 10

21.3 ± 21

p value

       

0.08

0.36

0.74

0.87

0.92

0.92

0.28

0.17

0.28

< 0.001

eSET Rates (< 35)

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

         

 Mandated

        

3.1 ± 4

3.6 ± 6

4.4 ± 6

10.1 ± 12

12.2 ± 14

20.4 ± 19

24.7 ± 22

34.5 ± 27

41.5 ± 28

 Non-Mandated

        

2.3 ± 3

3.5 ± 4

4.3 ± 5

8 ± 9

10.9 ± 12

14.9 ± 14

21.3 ± 19

25 ± 23

34.2 ± 28

p value

        

0.15

0.87

0.85

0.19

0.5

0.03

0.27

0.01

0.08

Twin Rates (< 35)

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

n/a

    

 Mandated

             

9.1 ± 5

9.2 ± 6

5.1 ± 4

4.6 ± 2

 Non-Mandated

             

13.2 ± 7

10.5 ± 6

6.8 ± 6

6.2 ± 5

p value

             

< 0.001

0.16

0.02

0.02