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Saritha and Bongso [21]
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57 human semen samplesa
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Glycerol used. RT 10 min, cryotube 0.85 mL, LN2 vapor, 15 + 15 min. Thawed RT 30–45 min.
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Glycerol used. RT 10 min. Cryotube 0.85 mL. Plunged into LN2. Warmed RT 30–45 min.
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No motility difference was found between two methods.
|
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Nawroth et al. [22]
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30 human semen samples. Native or swim-up.
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Glycerol used. 0.25 mL straw, RT 10 min. 22 °C to 4 °C by − 5 °C/min; 4 °C to − 30 °C by − 10 °C/min; − 30 °C to − 140 °C by − 20 °C/min. Thawed in 37 °C water bath 50 s.
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With or without permeable cryoprotectant. Copper loop, 20 μl or 0.25 mL straw. Plunged into LN2. Warmed in 37 °C medium 5–10 min.
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Permeable cryoprotectant-free vitrification using copper loop resulted in higher motility with swim-up samples than conventional freezing. No difference in morphology.
|
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Chang et al. [23]
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30 healthy human semen samples
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Freezing medium used. Biological freezer used. Thawing unspecified.
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Freezing medium used. Plunged into LN2. Warming unspecified.
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No difference in motility or DNA fragmentation was found between two methods.
|
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Vutyavanich et al. [24]
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30 normospermic human semen samples
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Freezing medium used. 0.25 mL straw, RT 10 min. 20 °C to 5 °C by − 1 °C/min; − 5 °C to − 85 °C by − 10 °C/min. Thawed in 25–28 °C tap water.
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Glycerol used. 0.25 mL straw, 4 °C 10 min. Plunged into LN2. Warmed in 25–28 °C tap water.
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Vitrification gave superior motility and cryosurvival than conventional freezing. No difference in morphology or DNA integrity.
|
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Moskovtsev et al. [25]
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11 human semen samples. Washed.
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Freezing medium used. LN2 vapor. Thawing unspecified.
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Permeable cryoprotectant free. Warming unspecified.
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Vitrification resulted in higher motility and progressive motility.
|
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Agha-Rahimi et al. [26]
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30 normozoospermic samples. Washed.
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Glycerol used. Cryotube, LN2 vapor 30 min. Thawed in 37 °C water bath 10 min.
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With or without glycerol. 30 μl drop, Plunged into LN2. Warmed at 37 °C medium 5–10 s.
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Both methods resulted in similar motility, viability, recovery rate and DNA fragmentatioin. No permeable cryoprotectant was required for vitrification.
|
|
Zhu et al. [27]
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58 human semen samples. Washed.
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Glycerol used. RT 5 min. LN2 vapor 30 min. Cryogenic vial, 0.5 mL, LN2 vapor 30 min. Thawed in 37 °C water bath till melted.
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Permeable cryoprotectant free. Cryogenic vial, 0.25 mL, RT 1 min. Plunged into LN2. Warmed in 42 °C water bath 1 min, 37 °C water bath till melted.
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Vitrification with optimal sucrose concentration resulted in higher progressive motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity than conventional freezing. No differences in motility or DNA stability.
|
|
Ali Mohamed [28]
|
33human semen samples
|
Freezing medium used. 0.25 mL straw, RT 10 min, LN2 vapor 30 min. Thawed 37 °C water bath till melting.
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permeable cryoprotectant free, 37 °C 5 min, 100 μl straw-in-straw, Plunged into LN2. Warmed in 42 °C medium.
|
Both methods had similar motility, viability and mitochondrial membrane potential.
|
|
Slabbert et al. [20]
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35 human semen samples. Washed.
|
Freezing medium used. RT 10 min. 0.5 mL straw, LN2 vapor 15 min. Thawed in 23 °C 5 min.
|
permeable cryoprotectant free. 300 μl sample in 1.5 mL straw, RT 10 min. Plunged into LN2. Warmed in 42 °C medium 20 s.
|
Vitrification had higher mitochondrial membrane potential and lower percentage of DNA fragmentation than conventional freezing. No differences in motility.
|
|
Tongdee et al. [29]
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37 normal human semen samples. Washed.
|
Freezing medium used. RT 10 min, Cryovial, 0.5 mL, 25 °C to 5 °C by − 1 °C/min; 5 °C to - 85 °C by − 10 °C/min. Thawed RT 15–20 min.
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Freezing medium used. RT 10 min, Cryovial, 0.25 mL, plunged into LN2. Warmed RT 15–20 min.
|
Motility decreased more by vitrification. No difference in morphology or DNA intergrity between two methods.
|
|
Aizpurua et al. [30]
|
18 normozoospermic human semen samples.
|
Glycerol used, 1.8 mL tube, 4 °C 30 min, LN2 vapor 30 min. Thawed RT 30 min.
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permeable cryoprotectant free, 37 °C 5 min, 20 μl drop, Plunged into LN2. Warmed at 37 °C 5 min.
|
vitrification had higher motility and normal morphology, and lower DNA fragmentation than conventional freezing.
|
|
Karthikeyan et al. [31]
|
20 severe oligoasthenozoospermia (SOA) and very SOA sampleb
|
Freezing medium used. 0.5 mL straw, − 85 °C in a deep freezer 1 h. Thawed at RT 10 min.
|
permeable cryoprotectant free. Cryologic with stripper. Warmed in 37 °C medium
|
Vitrification revealed higher motility vitality with very SOA samples than conventional freezeing.
|
|
Le et al. [32]
|
105 human semen samples. Washed and unwashed.
|
Glycerol used. Cryotube RT 10 min. LN2 vapor 15 min. Thawed at 37 °C water bath 5 min.
|
Glycerol used. RT 10 min. 30 μl drop, plunged into LN2. Warmed at 37 °C water bath 5 min.
|
Conventional freezing method resulted in higher motility, viability while vitrification resulted in higher normal morphology.
|
|
Pabon et al. [33]
|
47 human semen samples, Swim-up
|
Glycerol used. RT 10 min. 50 μl drop on dry ice, cryotube. Thawed RT 10 min, then 37 °C 10 min.
|
permeable cryoprotectant free. RT 3 min. Collector-grid, 5–10 μl drop, plunged to LN2. Warmed in 44 °C medium 3 min.
|
Vitrification presented higher motility, viability and mitochondrial activity than conventional freezing.
|
|
Spis et al. [34]
|
1 epididymal and 1 testicular sperm samples
|
Glycerol used. 20 + 8 capillaries. LN2 vapor 30 min. Thawed in 37 °C water bath 50 s.
|
permeable cryoprotectant free. 20 + 8 capillaries. Plunged into LN2. Warmed in 37 °C medium 20 s
|
Vitrification had higher mitochondrial membrane potential and motility in both epididymal and testicular capillaries than conventional freezingc.
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