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Table 6 Bisphenol A and PCOS

From: Bisphenol A: an emerging threat to female fertility

 

Source

Strain

Age

Exposure route

Time of exposure

Doses

Time of observation

Outcome

Outcome observed in

Reference n°

 

Experimental studies in vitro and ex vivo

Human

Granulosa-lutein cells

33.8 ± 4.5 years

In vitro administration

72 h

1; 100; 1000; 10,000 ng/mL

72 h

Increase of MMP9 levels at 100 and 1000 ng/mL concentrations. Decrease of MMP9 levels at 10000 ng/mL concentration. Decrease of cell viability at 1000 and 10,000 ng/mL concentrations.

 

Dominguez 2008

[124]

Experimental studies in vivo

Rats

Sprague-Dawley

Female pups

Subcutaneous injection

From PND1 to PND10

5, 50 and 500 μg/kg bw/day

4–5 months of age

Increase of Testosterone and Estradiol levels and decrease of Progesterone levels in adulthood. Altered GnRH secretion in adulthood. Altered ovarian morphology, increase in cysts number and infertility at 500 μg/kg bw/day. Reduced fertility at 50 μg/kg bw/day. Infertility at 500 μg/kg bw/day.

Adult female

Fernandez 2010

[80]

Rats

Wistar

Female pups

Drinking water

From GD6 to PND40

1 mg/L

PND40

Induction of PCOS hallmarks.

Pubertal female

Patisaul 2014

[125]