Experimental studies in vitro and ex-vivo
|
Rat
|
Sprague-Dawley
|
Female pups
|
Subcutaneous Injection
|
From PND1 to PND10
|
6.2–2.5 mg/kg bw/day and 62.5–25.0 mg/kg bw/day
|
PND13
|
Decreased basal and GnRH-stimulated LH levels in medium of adult anterior pituitary cell cul tures. Adult anterior pituitary cell cultures treated with BPA 6.2–2.5 mg/kg bw/day showed rapid and transient activation of ERK1/2 com pared to control
|
Female rats in adulthood in estrus phase
|
Fernandez 2009
|
[79]
|
Experimental studies in vivo
|
Mouse
|
CD-1
|
Adult pregnant mice
|
Oral gavage
|
Cohort A: from GD1 to PND20
|
12, 25 and 50 mg/kg bw/day
|
PND50
|
Increased FSH mRNA expression. No significant change in serum LH and FSH Levels at proestrus phase
|
Female offspring (F1) in adulthood
|
Xi 2011
|
[29]
|
Mouse
|
CD-1
|
Female pups (F1)
|
Oral gavage
|
Cohort B: from PND20 to PND49
|
25 and 50 mg/kg bw/day
|
PND50
|
No significant change in LH and FSH mRNA expression at proestrus phase
|
Female offspring (F1) in adulthood
|
Xi 2011
|
[29]
|
Rat
|
Sprague-Dawley
|
8-week-old
|
Oral gavage
|
From GD1 to PND20
|
0.001 or 0.1 mg/kg bw/ day
|
After 90 days of exposure
|
Increased serum LH levels and LH protein content after BPA exposure of 0.001 and 0.1 mg/kg bw/ day. No significant change in serum FSH levels and FSH protein expression during estrus
|
The same adult female rats (8-week- old)
|
Lee 2013
|
[30]
|
Rat
|
Wistar
|
Adult pregnancy rats
|
Oral administration (drinking water)
|
From GD1 to PND21
|
3 μg/kg bw/Day
|
PND30
|
Increased serum LH levels. No significant change in serum FSH levels
|
Female offspring in prepubertal phase
|
Gamez 2015
|
[31]
|
Rat
|
Sprague-Dawley
|
Female pups
|
Subcutaneous Injection
|
From PND1 to PND10
|
6.2–2.5 mg/kg bw/day and 62.5–25.0 mg/kg bw/day
|
PND13
|
Decreased basal and GnRH-stimulated serum LH levels at BPA 62.5–25.0 mg/kg bw/day.
|
Female pups
|
Fernandez 2009
|
[79]
|
Rat
|
Sprague-Dawley
|
Female pups
|
Subcutaneous Injection
|
From PND1 to PND10
|
6.2–2.5 mg/kg bw/day and 62.5–25.0 mg/kg bw/day
|
During estrus
|
Decreased GnRH-stimulated (15′) serum LH levels at BPA 62.5–25.0 mg/kg bw/day during estrus
|
Female rats in adulthood
|
Fernandez 2009
|
[79]
|
Mouse
|
ICR
|
Adult female mice
|
Oral Administration
|
Proestrus after 4th/5th estrus
|
20 μg/kg bw/ day
|
During diestrus, proestrus and estrus
|
Increased serum LH and FSH levels during proestrus
|
The same adult female mice
|
Wang 2014
|
[78]
|
Mouse
|
ICR
|
Adult female mice
|
Injection into the right lateral ventricle
|
Proestrus after 4th/5th estrus
|
0.02, 0.2, 2,20 and 200nM/3μl
|
During diestrus, proestrus and estrus
|
Increased serum LH levels during proestrus
|
The same adult female mice
|
Wang 2014
|
[78]
|
Rat
|
Sprague-Dawley
|
Adult Female rats
|
Oral Administration
|
After two classic estrous cycles
|
50 mg/kg bw/day
|
6 consecutive weeks
|
Increased serum LH and FSH levels
|
The same adult female rats
|
Zhou 2014
|
[86]
|
Mice
|
C57BL/6J
|
Adult female mice
|
Oral administration
|
12–15 days (first 3 reproductive cycle)
|
50 μg/kg bw/ Day
|
51–54 days
|
No significant change in serum LH and FSH Levels
|
The same adult female mice
|
Moore- Ambriz 2015
|
[87]
|
Rat
|
Sprague- Dawley
|
Adult Female rats
|
Oral gavage
|
42 days
|
10 mg/kg bw/day
|
After the last treatment day, during diestrus
|
Decreased serum LH and FSH levels during diestrus
|
The same adult female rats
|
Zaid 2018
|
[88]
|
Rat
|
Wistar
|
Adult female
|
Subcutaneous Injection
|
From PND 90 to PND105
|
25 ng/kg/d and 5 mg/kg/ day
|
24 h after last treatment, during diestrus
|
No significant change in serum LH and FSH levels. Delay in LH surge during diestrus
|
The same adult female rats
|
Lòpez-Rodríguez 2019
|
[89]
|
Mouse
|
C57BL/6J
|
Adult second- pregnancy mice
|
Oral gavage
|
Pregnancy From GD15 to lactation (PND21) period
|
0.05 and 5 mg/kg bw/ day
|
During diestrus 5 weeks after BPA administration
|
No change in serum LH levels during diestrus
|
Female offspring in adulthood
|
Naule 2014
|
[81]
|
Rat
|
Wistar-derived strain
|
Female Pups (F1)
|
Subcutaneous Injection
|
From PND1 to PND7
|
0.05 and 20 mg/kg bw/ day
|
During estrus from PND85 to PND100
|
Precluded the production of an E2-induced LH surge at 20 mg/kg bw/day during estrus
|
Female pups in adulthood from PND85 to 100
|
Monje 2010
|
[82]
|