Assisted conception as a potential prognostic factor predicting insulin therapy in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus

Table 4 Comparison of biochemical parameters between parturients with spontaneous and ART conception stratified based on treatment modalities

Variables	SC (n = 136)			ART (n = 100)			P-value^c
Variables	MNT (n = 102)	MNI-IT (n = 34)	P-value ^a	MNT (n = 60)	MNT-IT (n = 40)	P-value^b	P-value^c
GTT-FBS (mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)	91.69 ± 0.95	98.18 ± 1.66	0.001*	90.67 ± 1.20	96.92 ± 1.42	0.001*	0.002*
GTT-1 h (mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)	156.10 ± 4.46	183.90 ± 8.66	0.003*	159.14 ± 5.98	156.82 ± 7.98	0.813	0.014*
GTT-2 h (mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)	129.38 ± 4.19	147.40 ± 7.34	0.003*	131.0 ± 4.50	136.58 ± 6.39	0.464	0.046*
FBS (mg/dl) (Mean ± SE)	82.89 ± 1.21	88.03 ± 1.77	0.032*	85.98 ± 0.99	91.44 ± 1.77	0.004*	0.030*
HbA1c (%) (Mean ± SE)	4.92 ± 0.07	5.40 ± 0.12	0.005*	4.85 ± 0.10	5.16 ± 0.08	0.022*	0.004*
TG (mg/dl) (Mean ± SE)	201.12 ± 6.83	199.11 ± 13.71	0.887	175.31 ± 8.16	204.97 ± 9.69	0.026*	0.065
Cholesterol (mg/dl) (Mean ± SE)	221.33 ± 4.20	215.71 ± 6.36	0.491	202.09 ± 4.58	223.13 ± 7.97	0.019*	0.066
HDL (mg/dl) (Mean ± SE)	64.61 ± 1.56	62.85 ± 2.60	0.573	65.20 ± 1.74	60.81 ± 1.65	0.097	0.083
LDL (mg/dl) (Mean ± SE)	117.30 ± 3.89	112.52 ± 6.54	0.496	101.83 ± 4.35	121.42 ± 6.93	0.014*	0.105
VLDL (mg/dl) (Mean ± SE)	40.19 ± 1.36	39.59 ± 2.84	0.836	35.06 ± 1.66	40.90 ± 1.92	0.029*	0.089
hs-CRP (mg/l) (Mean ± SE)	4.60 ± 0.41	5.06 ± 1.16	0.651	6.45 ± 0.75	8.69 ± 1.95	0.049*	0.010*
IL-17(pg/mL) (Mean ± SE)	1.21 ± 0.27	0.70 ± 0.60	0.660	0.91 ± 0.19	5.52 ± 2.35	0.017^b	0.061
Insulin (mU/L) (Mean ± SE)	12.90 ± 1.64	15.87 ± 2.58	0.375	13.26 ± 1.36	14.92 ± 1.29	0.411	0.191
HOMA-IR	2.76 ± 0.42	3.39 ± 0.49	0.443	2.86 ± 0.33	3.40 ± 0.31	0.255	0.202

GDM Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, SC Spontaneous Conception, ART Assisted Reproductive Technology, MNT Medical Nutrition Therapy, MNT-IT Medical Nutrition Therapy plus Insulin Therapy
The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index = [Glucose] * [Insulin] / 405 (Glucose in mg/dl)
*P < 0.05 was considered significant
^a T-test compared the mean difference between MNT and MNT-IT subgroups in the SC group
^bT-test compared the mean difference between MNT and MNT-IT subgroups in the ART group
^c T-test compared the mean difference between MNT and MNT-IT subgroups in total population

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