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Table 1 Comparison of clinical and biochemical characteristics between spontaneous conception and ART participants

From: Assisted conception as a potential prognostic factor predicting insulin therapy in pregnancies complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus

Variables

SC (n = 136)

ART (n = 100)

†P-value

Clinical

 Maternal age (Years, Mean ± SE)

31.57 ± 0.46

32.36 ± 0.52

0.261

 Parity (n = 0), n (%)

56 (41.2)

88 (87.1)

0.001*

 Family history of DM, (Yes, n %)

52 (38.2)

42 (41.6)

0.602

 Systolic blood pressure (Mean ± SE)

107.07 ± 0.87

106.68 ± 0.99

0.769

 Diastolic blood pressure (Mean ± SE)

68.59 ± 0.72

66.83 ± 0.76

0.098

 Pre-pregnancy BMI (Mean ± SE)

25.89 ± 0.42

27.32 ± 0.40

0.018*

 Prior history of spontaneous abortion, (Yes), n (%)

36 (29.1)

32 (31.7)

0.670

 Prior history of GDM, (Yes), n (%)

18 (13.2)

1 (0.9)

0.001*

 Prior history of macrosomia, (Yes), n (%)

6 (4.4)

1 (0.9)

0.124

Biochemical

 GTT-FBS (mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)

93.38 ± 0.87

93.13 ± 0.96

0.851

 GTT-1 h(mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)

162.93 ± 4.11

158.22 ± 4.72

0.455

 GTT-2 h(mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)

134.29 ± 3.71

133.26 ± 3.67

0.847

 FBS (mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)

84.21 ± 1.05

88.23 ± 0.95

0.006*

 HbA1c (%) (Mean ± SE)

4.98 ± 0.10

5.07 ± 0.63

0.297

 TG (mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)

200.61 ± 6.13

193.42 ± 5.62

0.254

 Cholesterol (mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)

219.91 ± 3.52

210.86 ± 4.43

0.107

 HDL (mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)

64.17 ± 1.34

63.49 ± 1.26

0.715

 LDL (mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)

116.13 ± 3.01

110.31 ± 4.01

0.238

 VLDL (mg/dl)(Mean ± SE)

40.05 ± 1.24

37.19 ± 1.28

0.115

 Hs-CRP (Mean ± SE)

4.69 ± 0.40

7.21 ± 0.83

0.005*

 IL-17 (Mean ± SE)

1.19 ± 0.26

2.66 ± 0.95

0.161

 Insulin (Mean ± SD)

13.57 ± 140

13.98 ± 0.96

0.821

 HOMA-IR

2.90 ± 0.34

3.09 ± 0.23

0.672

  1. SC spontaneous conception, ART Assisted reproductive technology, IL-17 Interleukin- 17, Hs-CRP High-sensitivity C - reactive protein, The Homeostasis Model Assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index = [Glucose] * [Insulin] / 405 (Glucose in mg/dl)
  2. *P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant
  3. † T-test compared the mean difference between the SC group and ART group