Fig. 5

Curcumin attenuates the TG-induced apoptosis and ER stress in MLTC-1 cells. Cells were treated with TG (500 nM) in the absence and presence of curcumin (20 μM) for 24 h and then processed for cell activity analysis CCK 8 assay (a). Apoptosis analysis was detected by flow cytometry (b, c). Western blot of BAX, GRP78, and CHOP expression are shown (d). The Caspase 3 activity of the MLTC-1 cells is shown (e). The relative BAX expression (f), GRP78 expression (g), and CHOP expression (h) are depicted. The proteins expression levels were normalized to β-actin. The statistical analysis results are shown in the bar graphs. The data are represented as the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. Bars with different letters are significantly different (p < 0.05)