Table 1 Effects of psychological stress on semen parameters: clinical studies
From: Lifestyle and fertility: the influence of stress and quality of life on male fertility
First author and year | Population | Country | Stress exposure and/ or assessment | Semen parameter affected | Adjustment | Study design |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Stress due to environmental disasters | ||||||
Fukuda 1996 [24] | 27 infertile men | Japan | Earthquake | ↓Motility →Sperm conc | Unadjusted | Longitudinal |
Abu-Musa 2007 [22] | 10,000 semen samples | Lebanon | War | ↓Sperm conc [Morphology →Volume, motility | Unadjusted | Cross- sectional |
Stress due to examinations or other stressful life events | ||||||
Hjollund 2004 [34] | 418 men | Denmark | Self-rated stress | →Sperm conc, semen volume, total count, morphology, motility | Age, smoking, alcohol, caffeine, reproductive disorders, BMI, | Longitudinal |
Eskiocak 2005 [23] | 34 students | Turkey | University examinations | ↓Motility, sperm conc, morphology→ Semen volume | Unadjusted | Longitudinal |
Zorn 2008 [32] | 1076 infertile men | Slovenia | Life events | Sperm conc, motility, morphology | Age, smoking, abstinence time, cryptorchidism, varicocele | Cross-sectional |
Gollenberg 2010 [12] | 744 fertile men | USA | Life events | ↓Sperm conc, total count →Morphology, motility | Center, age, race, education, fever, abstinence time | Cross-sectional |
Nordkap L 2016 [30] | 1215 young men | Denmark | self-reported stress | ↓ sperm count,motility and morphology ↑ FSH→ | Age, reproductive disorders, alcohol, BMI, caffeine, cannabis, stress | Cross- sectional |
Occupational stress | ||||||
Hjollund 2004 [34] | 399 men | Denmark | Work-related | →Sperm conc, volume, total count, morphology | Age, reproductive disorders, alcohol, BMI, caffeine | Cross-sectional |
Janevic T 2014 [33] | 327 infertile men | Poland | Work-related Self-rated stress | Morphology | Age, reproductive diseases, alcohol, BMI, smoking, duration of infertility | Cross-sectional |
Stress due to infertility | ||||||
Pook 2005 [31] | 120 infertile men | Germany | Self-rated stress | ↓ Sperm conc | Unadjusted | Longitudinal |
Vellani 2013 [28] | 94 male IVF-patients / 85 controls | Italy | Self-rated stress | ↓Motility, sperm conc,total count, volume | Unadjusted (but excluded men with diseases) | Cross- sectional |
Bhongade 2014 [27] | 70 infertile men | India | Self-rated stress | ↓Sperm conc, motility, morphology | Age, abstinence time | Cross- sectional |