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Table 10 Summary of Summary of SEN, SPE, PLR, NLR, DS, DOR, and AUC values for induced AR assay

From: Human sperm acrosome function assays are predictive of fertilization rate in vitro: a retrospective cohort study and meta-analysis

Subgroup N SEN (95% CI) SPE (95% CI) PLR (95% CI) NLR (95% CI) DS (95% CI) DOR (95% CI) AUC (95% CI) P a
Overall 13 0.79 (0.71–0.85) 0.87 (0.74–0.94) 6.08 (2.77–13.36) 0.24 (0.17–0.35) 3.22 (2.19–4.24) 24.91 (8.91–69.66) 0.84 (0.81–0.87)  
Geographic area
 Europe 5 0.80 (0.66–0.89) 0.86 (0.56–0.97) 5.80 (1.46–23.10) 0.23 (0.13–0.43) 3.21 (1.51–4.91) 24.81 (4.53–135.75) 0.86 (0.83–0.89) NC
 Oceania 4b 0.75 (0.59–0.86) 0.77 (0.61–0.87) 3.22 (1.70–6.08) 0.33 (0.18–0.61) 2.28 (1.11–3.45) 9.78 (3.04–31.47) 0.80 (0.77–0.84)  
 South America 1 0.78 0.91 8.56 0.24 −c 35.00 –  
 Africa 4b 0.94 (0.44–1.00) 0.98 (0.85–1.00) 52.54 (5.96–462.88) 0.06 (0.00–1.00) 6.76 (3.74–9.77) 861.19 (42.25–17,552.00) 0.99 (0.98–1.00)  
 North America 4b 0.77 (0.69–0.84) 0.87 (0.64–0.96) 6.11 (1.79–20.94) 0.26 (0.16–0.41) 3.17 (1.54–4.79) 23.70 (4.68–120.00) 0.83 (0.79–0.86)  
 Asia 1 0.82 0.70 2.77 0.26 – 10.75 –  
Preparation method
 No preparation 1 0.71 0.55 1.58 0.53 – 3.00 – NC
 One preparation 11 0.82 (0.73–0.88) 0.87 (0.73–0.94) 6.10 (2.84–13.09) 0.21 (0.14–0.33) 3.36 (2.32–4.39) 28.70 (10.21–80.65) 0.88 (0.85–0.91)  
 Double preparation 1 0.63 1.00 – 0.40 – – –  
AR trigger
 Physiological trigger 10b 0.82 (0.73–0.88) 0.88 (0.76–0.94) 6.78 (3.10–14.83) 0.20 (0.13–0.33) 3.50 (2.35–4.65) 32.26 (10.53–105.06) 0.89 (0.86–0.91) NC
 Nonphysiological trigger 8 0.79 (0.70–0.85) 0.86 (0.65–0.95) 5.70 (1.98–16.39) 0.25 (0.16–0.37) 3.14 (1.82–4.46) 23.10 (6.16–81.56) 0.82 (0.78–0.85)  
AR assay method
 Fluorescent labels 11 0.78 (0.71–0.84) 0.90 (0.78–0.96) 8.01 (3.24–19.82) 0.24 (0.18–0.34) 3.49 (2.35–4.64) 32.83 (10.44–103.21) 0.83 (0.80–0.86)  
  Direct immunofluorescence 10 0.78 (0.70–0.85) 0.86 (0.74–0.93) 5.72 (2.81–11.63) 0.25 (0.17–0.37) 3.12 (2.11–4.14) 22.76 (8.23–62.95) 0.84 (0.81–0.87)  
   FITC−PSA 7 0.81 (0.69–0.88) 0.83 (0.66–0.93) 4.80 (2.09–11.01) 0.23 (0.13–0.41) 3.02 (1.72–4.32) 20.51 (5.60–75.15) 0.87 (0.83–0.89)  
   FITC−PNA 4b 0.68 (0.58–0.76) 0.85 (0.81–0.88) 4.55 (3.42–6.05) 0.38 (0.28–0.50) 2.49 (1.98–3.01) 12.10 (7.24–20.21) 0.85 (0.81–0.87)  
   RITC−PSA 1 0.83 0.98 38.33 0.17 – 225.00 –  
  Indirect immunofluorescence
   Anti−CD46 antibody 1 0.83 1.00 – 0.18 – – –  
 Triple stain 4b 0.93 (0.76–0.98) 0.58 (0.52–0.64) 2.23 (1.96–2.54) 0.12 (0.03–0.43) 2.92 (1.59–4.25) 18.56 (4.91–70.16) 0.68 (0.64–0.72)  
  1. SEN sensitivity, SPE specificity, PLR positive likelihood ratio, NLR negative likelihood ratio, DS diagnostic score, DOR diagnostic odds ratio, AUC area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curve, CI confidence interval, AR acrosome reaction, FITC-PSA fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated Pisurn sativum agglutimm, FITC-PNA fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated peanut agglutinin, RITC-PSA rhodamine-conjugated Pisurn sativum agglutimm, NC not compared
  2. aComparison between subgroups with the Q test for heterogeneity
  3. bConverted number = actual number × 2. Studies were duplicated for numbers ≥ 2 and < 4, based on the computation of bivariate mixed effects regression model for the lowest threshold of 4 studies
  4. cNot calculated in original data or not reported
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